Kuzana abasomyi b'amakarita yo kugurisha barashobora kumva bashaka gukemura cube ya Rubik ifunze amaso - kode ya gasutamo, imisoro, hamwe n'impapuro zitunguranye zirasohoka mugihe utekereza ko urangije.
Koresha amabwiriza asobanutse, kode ya HS, hamwe nubuyobozi bwemewe nkaInzitizi za tekinike za WTO mu bucuruzigutegura mbere no kwirinda gutinda.
Gusobanukirwa kode ya HS hamwe na gasutamo yo kugurisha abasoma amakarita
Gukosora kode ya HS ifasha gasutamo gusiba ikarita yawe yo kugurisha byihuse, kugabanya gutinda, no kugabanya ingaruka zimirimo yinyongera cyangwa ihazabu kumasoko yingenzi.
Shyira ibikoresho byawe kubikorwa byingenzi, guhuza, hamwe nuburyo bwo kwishyura. Buri gihe wemeze hamwe na gasutamo yemewe cyangwa ibiro bya gasutamo mbere yo kohereza.
1. Ibyiciro byingenzi bya kode ya HS kubacuruza amakarita
Abenshi mu basoma amakarita yo kugurisha bari munsi ya POS cyangwa ibyiciro byanyuma byo kwishyura, ukurikije niba basoma amakarita gusa cyangwa bakanatunganya no kohereza ibicuruzwa.
- POS itumanaho hamwe nabasoma amakarita
- Basoma amakarita asanzwe kumashini yo kugurisha
- Kwishyura hamwe hamwe nuburyo bwo gutumanaho
2. Ibintu by'ingenzi bigira ingaruka ku byiciro bya gasutamo
Abakozi ba gasutamo bagenzura imikorere ya tekiniki, nk'ibanga, imiyoboro y'urusobe, hamwe na ecran ya ecran cyangwa kanda, kugira ngo bahitemo neza code ya HS n'igipimo cy'amahoro.
- Ikoreshwa nyamukuru: kugurisha, gucuruza, cyangwa POS igendanwa
- Ihuriro: USB, MDB, RS - 232, Ethernet, 4G
- Ubwoko bw'amakarita: magstripe, IC, udahuza, NFC
3. Inyandiko zunganira guhitamo kode ya HS
Tanga inyandiko zisobanutse kugirango werekane kode yawe yatangajwe. Ibi birashobora gukumira ibyiciro, ibyoherejwe, hamwe nibiciro bya gasutamo bitunguranye.
| Inyandiko | Intego |
|---|---|
| Urupapuro rwubuhanga | Kwerekana imikorere nintera |
| Imfashanyigisho | Dondora ikoreshwa mugucuruza cyangwa kugurisha |
| Inyemezabuguzi & urutonde | Gushyigikira igiciro cya gasutamo |
4. Igihugu - inoti za HS zihariye
Ibihugu bimwe bitanga amategeko agenga ibiciro byishyurwa. Abatumiza mu mahanga barashobora gusaba aya mategeko kugirango babone kodegisi ya HS ihamye hamwe n’ibiciro byateganijwe.
- EU BTI (Guhuza amakuru y’ibiciro)
- Amategeko ya CBP yo muri Amerika
- Gasutamo yaho itera imbere ibyemezo
Ibyangombwa bisabwa gutumizwa mu mahanga hamwe n'impamyabumenyi zo kugurisha amakarita yoherejwe
Inyandiko nyazo hamwe nimpamyabushobozi zemewe zituma amakarita yawe yo kugurisha yoherejwe yoherejwe. Bagabanya kandi amafaranga yo kubika no gukumira ibicuruzwa byoherejwe.
Tegura gukusanya inyandiko mbere yuko umusaruro urangira. Huza nuwaguhaye isoko kugirango fagitire, ibyemezo, na raporo yikizamini bihuye nibyoherejwe.
1. Ibyingenzi byubucuruzi nibikoresho
Izi nyandiko zisobanura ibyoherejwe kuri gasutamo hamwe nabatanga ibikoresho. Amakuru atuzuye cyangwa atari yo akenshi atera gutinda cyangwa kugenzura.
| Inyandiko | Ibirimo |
|---|---|
| Inyemezabuguzi | HS code, igiciro cyibiciro, ifaranga, Incoterms |
| Urutonde | Uburemere / uburemere, kubara amakarito, ibipimo |
| Umushinga wo kwishyuza / AWB | Inzira yo gutwara abantu, abatwara ibicuruzwa, abatumiza |
2. Umutekano, EMC, hamwe no kwemeza bidafite umugozi
Amasoko menshi arasaba umutekano nibizamini bya EMC. Moderi idafite insinga irashobora kandi gukenera ibyemezo bya radio nka FCC, CE RED, cyangwa impushya zo gutumanaho zaho.
- Umutekano w'amashanyarazi (urugero, IEC 62368)
- Ibizamini bya EMC kubisohoka hamwe nubudahangarwa
- RF yemerera Wi - Fi, Bluetooth, 4G
3. Icyemezo cyo kwishyura no gutanga umutekano
Imiyoboro yamakarita isaba umutekano ukomeye kubwishyu utateganijwe. Mugihe cyo gutumiza mu mahanga, genzura ko ama terefone afite ibyemezo byumutekano byishyurwa byemewe.
- Ibipimo bya PCI PTS / PCI PIN
- EMV Urwego 1 & Urwego 2 Icyemezo
- Gahunda itemewe yo kwemeza (Visa, Mastercard, nibindi)
4. Icyitegererezo cyisesengura ryamakuru: ibibazo byinyandiko rusange
Koresha amakuru kugirango ukurikirane icyuho cyinyandiko gitera gutinda cyane. Ibi bifasha guhitamo kugura no kubahiriza ibikorwa byakazi kubatanga isoko.
Gucunga ibiciro, imisoro, ninshingano zumusoro mugihe utumiza abasomyi b'amakarita yo kugurisha
Ibiciro, TVA, hamwe n’imisoro yaho bigira ingaruka kubiciro byose. Teganya igiciro cyubutaka hakiri kare kurinda imipaka no gutanga ibiciro bihamye.
Saba uwaguhaye isoko gushyigikira igiciro nyacyo cya gasutamo no gutanga ibisobanuro bisobanutse kubicuruzwa byose.
1. Kubara igiciro cyubutaka cyo kugurisha abasoma amakarita
Igiciro cyubutaka gikubiyemo igiciro cyibicuruzwa, imizigo, ubwishingizi, imisoro, TVA cyangwa GST, hamwe n’amafaranga y’abakozi ba gasutamo. Koresha kugirango ushireho ibiciro bifatika byo kugurisha.
- Igiciro cya CIF cyangwa FOB
- Igipimo cy'amahoro gishingiye kuri kode ya HS
- Umusoro ku nyongeragaciro / GST ku gaciro ka gasutamo wongeyeho amahoro
2. Gukoresha amasezerano yubucuruzi no kugabanya imisoro
Uturere tumwe na tumwe dutanga imirimo yo hasi mugihe amategeko yinkomoko yujujwe. Korana nuwaguhaye isoko kugirango abone ibyemezo byinkomoko mugihe bishoboka.
| Gahunda | Inyungu zishoboka |
|---|---|
| FTA (Amasezerano y'ubucuruzi ku buntu) | Kugabanuka cyangwa zeru |
| Gutunganya imbere | Gutanga imisoro kuri re - ibyoherezwa mu mahanga |
3. Kwandikisha imisoro no kwandika - kubika
Abatumiza mu mahanga bashobora gukenera kwiyandikisha kuri TVA cyangwa GST. Bika inyandiko za fagitire za fagitire, imenyekanisha, hamwe no kwishyura ubugenzuzi namakimbirane azaza.
- Bika ibicuruzwa byinjira na gasutamo
- Huza amakuru yatumijwe mubitabo by'ibaruramari
- Ongera usuzume ibiciro buri gihe hamwe numujyanama wawe
Gukurikiza amakuru yumutekano namakuru yitumanaho kubasoma amakarita
Abasoma amakarita yo kugurisha bakoresha amakarita yamakarita. Abaguzi bagomba kwemeza ko ibikoresho bikurikiza amategeko akomeye y’umutekano n’itumanaho muri buri soko rigamije.
Reba ibyuma byombi hamwe numutekano wa software, harimo gushishoza, kuvugurura software, hamwe nubushobozi bwo gucunga kure.
1. Encryption hamwe nabafite amakarita yo kurinda amakuru
Ibikoresho bifite umutekano uhishe amakarita yamakarita mugihe cyo gukorana no mugihe cyo kohereza. Ibi bigabanya amahirwe yo kwiba amakuru cyangwa uburiganya.
- Kurangiza - kugeza - kurangiza ibanga
- Gucunga neza urufunguzo
- Kumenya no gusubiza
2. Urusobe rwitumanaho
Kugurisha ibicuruzwa bigomba kuvugana neza hejuru y'insinga cyangwa insinga. Kurikiza amategeko yaho kubitumanaho no kubika amakuru.
| Agace | Wibande |
|---|---|
| Umutekano w'urusobe | VPN, firewall, API zifite umutekano |
| Kubahiriza | GDPR, amategeko yamakuru yibanze |
3. Firmware, ivugurura, hamwe no gukurikirana kure
Imicungire ya kure yizewe igushoboza gusunika ibishya, gucunga urufunguzo, no gukurikirana ubuzima bwibikoresho udasuye urubuga, bifasha kugumya amato kubahiriza.
- Yasinywe kuvugurura software
- Ikurikiranabikorwa ryibanze
- Kugenzura ibiti kubikorwa byumutekano
Guhitamo abasomyi b'amakarita yo kugurisha yujuje ibisabwa: impamvu Golong yujuje amabwiriza akomeye yo gutumiza mu mahanga
Golong yibanze ku byuma byujuje ubuziranenge, umutekano ukomeye, hamwe n'impapuro zisobanutse, zifasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga kugabanya ingaruka no gutsinda gasutamo vuba.
Umurongo wibicuruzwa byunganira kugurisha, gucuruza, hamwe na mobile idafite amafaranga asaba umutekano wa EMV na PCI kumasoko yisi.
1. Ibicuruzwa byahujwe nibikenewe gutumizwa mu mahanga
Golong itanga ibikoresho byinshi kugirango abaguzi bashobore guhuza tekiniki nubuyobozi bukenewe mubihugu bitandukanye kandi bagakoresha imanza.
- Umusomyi wo Kwishura Terminal EMV Ikarita Yumusomyiyo kugurisha na kiosque
- Sisitemu ya Wireless POS Sisitemu Yubatswe - Mubisoma Ikaritakumurima no kugurisha mobile
- Kutishyurwa Kwishura Terminal SMART YISUMBUYE RUGENDE RUGENDE POS M100kububiko
2. Inkunga hamwe nimpano
Golong itanga raporo yikizamini, umutekano hamwe nicyemezo cya EMC, hamwe nicyemezo cyo kwishyura kugirango ifashe abatumiza ibicuruzwa muri gasutamo no gusuzuma amabanki.
| Inkunga | Inyungu |
|---|---|
| Amadosiye yuzuye yubuhanga | Sobanura neza HS hamwe na gasutamo |
| Raporo yubahirizwa | Banki yihuse kandi ibyemezo byabaguzi |
3. Igihe kirekire - kubahiriza igihe no gushyigikira ubuzima
Hamwe no kuvugurura porogaramu, kubungabunga umutekano, hamwe nibicuruzwa bihamye, Golong ifasha abatumiza ibicuruzwa gukomeza kubahiriza ubuzima bwuzuye bwibikoresho.
- Umutekano usanzwe
- Kugenzura verisiyo no gutegura EOL
- Ubuyobozi bwa tekinike kumasoko mashya
Umwanzuro
Kuzana amakarita yo kugurisha abasoma bisaba ibirenze igiciro gito. Ugomba gucunga code ya HS, inyandiko, ibiciro, umutekano, hamwe nicyemezo cyo kwishyura.
Gukorana nuwabitanze nka Golong, yumva gasutamo no kubahiriza, birashobora kugabanya ingaruka, kurinda imipaka, no gushyigikira byihuse isoko.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kubijyanye no kugurisha ikarita yumusomyi Mukora
1.Ni izihe mpamyabumenyi uwagukora ikarita yo kugurisha agomba gutanga?
Bagomba gutanga umutekano na raporo za EMC, ibyemezo bya EMV na PCI aho bikenewe, hiyongereyeho ibyemezo bya RF kubintu bitagikoreshwa bikoreshwa mumasoko yawe.
2. Ni gute uwabikoze ashobora gufasha mugutanga gasutamo?
Uruganda rwiza rutanga ibitekerezo byukuri bya HS, inyemezabuguzi zuzuye, urutonde rwo gupakira, inyandiko zinkomoko, na dosiye tekinike kugirango ushyigikire umukoresha wawe.
3. Kuki ibyemezo bya EMV na PCI bifite akamaro kubitumizwa hanze?
Amabanki menshi hamwe namakarita yamakarita ntabwo azakora ama terminal atubahirije EMV na PCI, bityo gasutamo nabayigura barashobora guhagarika ibikoresho bitujuje ibyangombwa.
4. Nakagombye kubaza iki mbere yo gutanga itegeko ryinshi?
Emeza ibyemezo, ibyifuzo bya kode ya HS, nyuma - inkunga yo kugurisha, politiki yo kuvugurura porogaramu, kandi niba inyandiko zishobora gutangwa ku isoko ryawe.
5. Nigute nagabanya ingaruka zitumizwa mu mahanga mugihe ngerageza gukora uruganda rushya?
Tangira hamwe nicyitegererezo, gerageza gasutamo, kugenzura ibyemezo hamwe na laboratoire cyangwa gahunda, hanyuma ukusanye ibitekerezo kubaguzi bawe hamwe nabakiriya bingenzi.