Wigeze ugerageza kugura igitabo mumahanga ukumva ukeneye impamyabumenyi y'amategeko kugirango wumve ubwikorezi, gasutamo, kandi ninde wishyura iki? Incoterms irashobora kumva ari isupu yinyuguti, cyane cyane iyo "guhahira" gutunguranye bifite amafaranga y amayobera.
Urashobora kubikosora wiga Incoterms yibanze kugirango umenye ibiciro byawe, ibyago, ninshingano zo gutanga imbere. Koresha iki gitabo hanyuma urebe ibisobanuro bya ICC byemewe bya Incoterms hano:Urugaga mpuzamahanga rwubucuruzi - Incoterms 2020.
Gusobanukirwa Ibyingenzi byoherezwa kwisi kubasomyi mpuzamahanga
Kohereza kwisi yose bigufasha kugura neza kubagurisha mumahanga. Kumenya inzira, inyandiko, n'imisoro yaho bigufasha kwirinda gutinda, amafaranga yinyongera, nibicuruzwa byangiritse.
Iyo winjije ibyuma nka aKwikorera - serivisi Kiosk, amategeko yo kohereza neza arinda bije yawe, igihe cyo gutanga, hamwe ninkunga ya garanti.
1. Uburyo bukuru bwo kohereza isi
Buri buryo bwo kohereza buringaniza umuvuduko, ikiguzi, no kwizerwa. Hitamo ukurikije ingano yawe, agaciro, nuburyo ukeneye ibicuruzwa byihuse.
- Ibicuruzwa byo mu kirere - byihuse, igiciro kiri hejuru, byiza kubice byihutirwa.
- Ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja - bihendutse kubicuruzwa byinshi, igihe kinini cyo gutambuka.
- Express yihuta - umuryango - kugeza - umuryango, gukurikirana byoroshye, hagati kugeza hejuru.
- Gariyamoshi cyangwa umuhanda - bifite akamaro mukarere cyangwa kwambuka - kohereza imipaka.
2. Inyandiko z'ingenzi Ugomba Kugenzura
Impapuro zukuri zigabanya ibyago bya gasutamo namafaranga yo kubika. Buri gihe saba uwaguhaye kugabana imishinga mbere yo koherezwa.
| Inyandiko | Intego nyamukuru |
|---|---|
| Inyemezabuguzi | Yerekana agaciro k'ibicuruzwa ku misoro na gasutamo. |
| Urutonde | Urutonde ingano, uburemere, nagasanduku birambuye. |
| Umushinga wo kwishyuza / AWB | Amasezerano yo gutwara abantu nicyemezo cyo gupakira. |
| Icyemezo cy'inkomoko | Yemeza igihugu cyakozwe. |
3. Gasutamo, imisoro, n'imisoro yaho
Buri gihugu gishyiraho igipimo cy’imisoro yatumijwe mu mahanga. Tegura ibiciro muri bije yawe kugirango wirinde gutungurwa nyuma yo kuhagera.
- HS code igena igipimo cyamahoro kubikoresho byawe.
- Ibihugu bimwe na bimwe bisaba umusoro ku nyongeragaciro cyangwa GST ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga.
- Umukoresha cyangwa utwara ubutumwa arashobora gukemura ikibazo cyamafaranga.
4. Gukurikirana, Ubwishingizi, no Gupakira
Gupakira cyane hamwe nubwishingizi bukwiye bituma ibicuruzwa byawe bigira umutekano mugihe kirekire, cyane cyane kubintu byishyurwa byoroshye.
- Koresha nimero ikurikirana kuri buri kintu cyoherejwe.
- Saba kohereza hanze - amanota yikarito hamwe nifuro yimbere.
- Reba ubwishingizi bw'imizigo kubikoresho - bifite agaciro gakomeye.
🚢 Incoterms z'ingenzi nicyo zisobanura kubyo utanga
Incoterms isobanura uwishyura ibicuruzwa, akora gasutamo, kandi atwara ibyago kuri buri ntambwe. Ijambo ryukuri rituma inzira yawe itumizwa neza kandi neza.
Iyo gutumiza ibikoresho nka anUmusomyi wo Kwishura Terminal EMV Ikarita Yumusomyi, Incoterms ifasha kugabanya akazi hagati yawe nuwabitanze.
1. EXW (Ex Work)
Hamwe na EXW, umugurisha ategura ibicuruzwa kurubuga rwabo gusa. Ukora ipikipiki, kohereza hanze, ubwikorezi bukuru, gutumiza, hamwe nogutanga hafi.
- Akazi ntarengwa ningaruka kubaguzi.
- Nibyiza niba ufite itsinda rikomeye ryibikoresho.
2. FOB (Ubuntu Kumurongo)
Muri FOB, umugurisha ageza ibicuruzwa ku cyambu cyohereza ibicuruzwa hanze. Ingaruka zikwimukira iyo imizigo imaze kuba.
| Ibirori | Ushinzwe Kugeza |
|---|---|
| Umugurisha | Gutwara ubwato ku cyambu |
| Umuguzi | Ubwikorezi bwo mu nyanja, ubwishingizi, gutumiza mu mahanga, gutanga bwa nyuma |
3. CIF (Igiciro, Ubwishingizi, n'imizigo)
Hamwe na CIF, umugurisha yishyura ibicuruzwa byo mu nyanja nubwishingizi bwibanze ku cyambu cyawe. Ukora ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, imisoro yaho, hamwe nubwikorezi bwimbere.
- Umurimo muke kubaguzi kugeza icyambu kigeze.
- Reba amakuru yubwishingizi ntarengwa.
4. DAP (Yatanzwe Ahantu)
DAP bivuze ko ugurisha yohereza ibicuruzwa ahantu hitwa, byiteguye gupakurura. Uracyacunga gasutamo n’imisoro.
- Biroroshye cyane kubaguzi bashya.
- Ifasha kubikoresho byoherejwe bigoye.
🌍 Uburyo Incoterms igira ingaruka kubiciro byoherezwa, ingaruka, ninshingano
Buri Incoterm ihindura uwishyura, utegura imizigo, ninde ufite ibyago byangiritse. Huza ijambo kubuhanga bwawe nabafatanyabikorwa baho.
Inshingano zisobanutse zirinda amakimbirane namafaranga yinyongera yo kubika iyo yaweKutishyurwa Kwishura Terminal MINI POScyangwa kiosque igera ku cyambu.
1. Kugabana ibiciro hagati yumuguzi nugurisha
Incoterms igabanya imizigo, gukora, hamwe nigiciro cyinyandiko. Kumenya ibi bigufasha kugereranya amagambo yatanzwe neza.
| Incoterm | Ninde wishyura ibicuruzwa bikuru? |
|---|---|
| EXW | Umuguzi |
| FOB | Umuguzi |
| CIF | Umugurisha |
| DAP | Umugurisha |
2. Ingingo zo kohereza ibyago
Ingaruka zigenda mubyiciro bitandukanye: uruganda, icyambu, ubwato, cyangwa urubuga rwawe. Buri gihe wemeze ingingo nyayo mumasezerano yawe.
- EXW - ibyago ku irembo ryabagurisha.
- FOB - iyo ipakiye mu bwato.
- CIF - kimwe na FOB, nubwo ugurisha yishyura ibicuruzwa.
- DAP - hafi ya aderesi yumuguzi.
3. Ninde ucunga imizigo na gasutamo
Abaguzi bamwe bashaka kugenzura byuzuye; abandi bahitamo kugurisha - kuyobora ibicuruzwa. Hitamo ukurikije abakozi baho imbaraga nigihe.
- Abaguzi bashya bakunze guhitamo CIF cyangwa DAP.
- Abatumiza mu mahanga b'inararibonye bashobora guhitamo EXW cyangwa FOB yo kugenzura ibiciro.
Guhitamo Incoterm ikwiye n'impamvu Golong isabwa
Hitamo Incoterm yawe ishingiye kuburambe, ingano yubunini, no gutanga byihutirwa. Utanga ibintu byoroshye agufasha kuringaniza igenzura, ikiguzi, n'umuvuduko.
Golong ishyigikira Incoterms nyinshi kandi itanga ibiciro bisobanutse neza, kuburyo ushobora gutegura imishinga yawe yo kwishura kwisi yose hamwe ningaruka nke.
1. Guhuza Incoterms kurwego rwawe rw'uburambe
Niba uri mushya gutumiza mu mahanga, tangira ukoresheje amagambo aho ugurisha acunga izindi ntambwe, hanyuma wimuke mumagambo yambere nkuko wunguka ubuhanga.
- Intangiriro: FCA, CIF, DAP.
- Hagati: FOB kubyoherezwa mu nyanja.
- Iterambere: EXW hamwe nuyobora.
2. Impamvu Abaguzi Benshi bakunda FOB cyangwa CIF
FOB na CIF zitanga akazi neza. Umugurisha agenzura intambwe zo kohereza hanze, kandi ucunga igice uzi neza aho ujya.
| Igihe | Inyungu |
|---|---|
| FOB | Kugenzura neza ibicuruzwa bitwara ibicuruzwa nubwishingizi. |
| CIF | Byoroshye kubaguzi badafite aho bahurira. |
3. Uburyo Golong ishyigikira abaguzi kwisi
Golong itanga inama zo gupakira, inyandiko zohereza hanze, hamwe na Incoterm ibyifuzo kuri buri karere, bifasha abaguzi kugabanya ubukererwe namafaranga yihishe.
- Ubuyobozi kuri kode ya gasutamo ninyandiko.
- Inkunga yo kugerageza ibicuruzwa no kohereza byinshi.
- Amagambo yo kohereza byoroshye kurwego rwumushinga.
Tips Inama zifatika zo kohereza ibintu byoroshye, Hassle - Gutanga kubuntu kwisi yose
Igenamigambi rikomeye, risobanure Incoterms, hamwe ninyandiko zikosora zifasha ibikoresho byawe byo kwishyura kugera mugihe kandi neza.
Koresha inama zikurikira kugirango ugabanye ubukererwe, irinde amafaranga yo kubika, kandi ukomeze gahunda yawe yumushinga.
1. Tegura Igihe ntarengwa niminsi ya Buffer
Kubaka igihe ntarengwa cyo kohereza kandi ushiremo iminsi ya buffer yo kugenzura gasutamo, ibiruhuko, hamwe n’ibyambu.
- Emeza umusaruro n'amato yoherejwe mu nyandiko.
- Reba iminsi mikuru rusange mu nkomoko no mu bihugu bigana.
- Emera igihe cyinyongera kubwa mbere - igihe cyo gutumiza mu mahanga.
2. Vugana neza nuwaguhaye isoko
Sangira Incoterm yawe, aderesi yawe, nibisabwa gasutamo hakiri kare. Saba gupakira amafoto n'ibimenyetso byo kohereza mbere yo gupakira.
| Intambwe | Icyo Kwemeza |
|---|---|
| Mbere yo gutumiza | Incoterm, icyambu, uburyo bwo kwishyura. |
| Mbere yo koherezwa | Ibirango bya Carton, urutonde rwabapakira, kode ya HS. |
| Nyuma yo koherezwa | Gukurikirana, ETA, kopi yinyandiko. |
3. Witegure gusonerwa gasutamo
Hitamo umukoresha wa gasutamo wizewe cyangwa utwara ubutumwa. Sangira inyandiko zose hakiri kare kugirango bashobore - kugenzura no kwihutisha ibicuruzwa.
- Gumana kopi ya digitale ya fagitire na seritifika.
- Menya neza ko izina ryisosiyete nindangamuntu yimisoro aribyo.
- Subiza vuba kubibazo byose bya gasutamo.
Umwanzuro
Gusobanukirwa ubwikorezi bwisi yose hamwe na Incoterms bihindura ibintu bitumizwa mumahanga muburyo busobanutse, busubirwamo. Urashobora kugenzura ibiciro, kugabanya ingaruka, no kurinda gahunda yo gutanga.
Mugukorana nuwabitanze asobanura amagambo, agabana inyandiko hakiri kare, kandi agatanga amahitamo yoroheje, imishinga yawe yo kwishyura mpuzamahanga ikomeza kugenda neza kandi iteganijwe.
Ibibazo Bikunze Kubazwa Kubyerekeye ikarita yubwenge idasomeka Umusomyi ukora
1. Nakagombye kugenzura iki mbere yo gutumiza abasomyi b'amakarita y'ubwenge adafite aho ahurira?
Emeza ibyemezo, protocole y'itumanaho, amagambo ya garanti, na Incoterm. Baza ibizamini by'icyitegererezo, impapuro zirambuye, hamwe nibipfunyika mbere yo gushyira urutonde rwinshi.
2. Niyihe Incoterm iruta kubaguzi ba mbere -
Abaguzi benshi bashya bahitamo CIF cyangwa DAP. Umugurisha acunga intambwe nyinshi zo kohereza, mugihe ukora gasutamo yaho no gutanga bwa nyuma.
3. Nigute nshobora kugabanya ibyangiritse kubyohereza kuri terefone?
Saba anti - static imifuka, gushiramo ifuro, hamwe namakarito akomeye yohereza hanze. Koresha pallets, usobanure ibirango "byoroshye", kandi utekereze ubwishingizi kubintu binini cyangwa byinshi - byoherejwe.
4. Ese Incoterms ikubiyemo amasezerano yo kwishyura?
Oya. Incoterms isobanura gusa gutanga, ikiguzi, no kugabana ingaruka. Amagambo yo kwishyura nka T / T, L / C, cyangwa OA agomba kumvikana ukundi mumasezerano yawe.
5. Kuki guhitamo kode ya HS bifite akamaro kubasoma amakarita yatumijwe hanze?
Kode ya HS ishyiraho igipimo cyamahoro kandi irashobora guhindura impushya zisabwa. Kode iboneye igabanya ingaruka zo kubahiriza kandi ifasha kwirinda gutinda kwa gasutamo cyangwa ihazabu.