Amabhasi asemadolobheni anikezwe indima ebaluleke kakhulu: Amabhasi abhalwe ngezifiso angakwazi kanjani ukuxazulula ukusebenza kwe-Urban Travel?
Njengoba iminyaka engama-40 yokuguqula izinguquko nokuvula, izwe lethu selenze intuthuko enkulu ekuhambeni kwamadolobha futhi yathola impumelelo enkulu. Kodwa-ke, ukungqubuzana phakathi kokusebenziseka kalula kwempilo yasemadolobheni kanye nokuxinana kwethrafikhi kuye kwagqama. Manje sinezimoto eziningi ezizimele, kepha izinga labo lokuhlala liphansi kakhulu, ngakho amabhasi nezithuthi zomphakathi seziye zaba yikhetho elikhethwayo lokuhamba ngezinyawo. Phakathi kwezindlela eziningi zokuhamba, amabhasi asaphatha abagibeli abaningi namuhla, enohambo olungaphezulu kwezigidi ezingama-200 ngosuku, uma kuqhathaniswa nezigidi ezingama-60 zokuhamba ngezigidi ezingama-130 ukugibela - Ukugqugquzela i-Urban Bhasi kuqala Indima, Amabhasi enziwe ngezifiso angakwazi kanjani ukuxazulula ukusebenza kwe-Urban Travel?
Izinga lokuhlala lamabhasi liyancipha kancane kancane, futhi izizathu zinamaphuzu amaningi ezinhlungu ekuhambeni kwebhasi: okokuqala, ngokweqiniso, iningi labantu licabanga ukuthi amabhasi ashutshiswayo, asindise uhulumeni, kanye nenhlala-kahle yamaqembu asengozini. Okwesibili, isipiliyoni sebhasi simpofu, ngezindawo ezingenangqondo, ukubambezeleka, izikhathi ezinde ezilindile, kanye nokugijima okungenalutho okungekho emthethweni, okuholela oxhaso ngokweqile kanyekanye. Izinyathelo ezithathwe ukubhekana nalokhu zivame ukufaka ukukhansela phansi nemizila, okuholela ekuhlangenwe nakho okubi nezikhathi ezinde zokulinda, okuholela kumjikelezo omubi. Ekugcineni, iningi labantu lishintsha lisuka emabhasini ukuyoshayela liye emsebenzini, okwenza ithrafikhi ligcwele futhi amabhasi alinde isikhathi eside. Lokhu okuthathu - I-Tier Pain Point, le mijikelezo emibi emibili idliwe, iba yimbi kakhulu. Ukuxazulula ukusebenza kwe-Urban Travel, kungcono ukwaba amalungelo omgwaqo ahlukene ohlelweni lokuhamba komphakathi, njengokunikeza amabhasi kuqala amabhasi. Njengamanje, amalungelo amabhasi, noma ngabe athwele abantu abangama-60 noma abantu abangama-40, ayafana nalemodwa yemoto yabagibeli. Uma amabhasi ebeka phambili, isikhathi sokuhamba sifinyezwa, okuhlangenwe nakho kungcono, futhi wonke umuntu uzokhetha ukuthatha ibhasi. Ngenxa yalokhu, ukuhamba kwemoto yangasese kwehla, kunciphisa ukugcwala kwethrafikhi nokuba nobungane ngokwemvelo.
Kunezindlela ezintathu ezicishe zibe nezindlela zokubeka phambili amabhasi. Eminyakeni embalwa edlule, indlela ejwayelekile kakhulu kwakuwukuhlelwa kwemigwaqo ebonakalayo, njenge-BRT. Le ndlela iyindlela eqinile, esebenza kahle kakhulu ekwabiweni kwamalungelo emigwaqo kanye nokuchitha izinsizakusebenza, futhi akusenziwanga. Enye indlela imane nje, yahlulela ngaphandle, ngokubona ukuthi yibhasi, njengamapuleti okufunda, kepha ayikwazi ukufeza isabelo samalungelo e-Dynamic Road. Esiziyele eminyakeni embalwa edlule kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu yebhasi, usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bamuva bezimoto obuxhunyiwe, lapho amabhasi athumela khona ngenkuthalo izicelo kumalambu omgwaqo ukuze libe phesheya kwezibani. Ngenxa ye-CV2X National Standard, okubambezeleka kwe-millisecond, centimeter - Ukuma kwesilinganiso, nangale kwalokho - ukulabuko okusobala, yize amabhasi asekubonile lapho azofika khona, ijubane, nokuthi azolayishelwa ngokweqile. Okuphakeme kakhulu lapho kugcwele ukugcwala, futhi kwehlise okubaluleke kakhulu lapho kugcwele kakhulu, amabhasi ngesikhathi esingakabi okubaluleke kakhulu, nalabo asekade benze sekwephuzile. I-Crossroads idinga kuphela ukufaka ibhokisi elilodwa, ngaphandle kokufaka amakhamera endaweni ngayinye. Lapho ithola isiginali yesicelo kusuka ku-OBU OBU, izokwahlulela ukuthi ingavunyelwa ibhasi kuqala. Isibonelo esijwayelekile yilapho ibhasi lifika ekukhanyiseni kwethrafikhi kanye nokukhanya sekuzoshintsha okubomvu, kuzokulinda ukuthi ibhasi lidlule ngaphambi kokuvuka okubomvu. Ngenxa yemigwaqo yethu ebanzi, kuthatha imizuzu emibili noma emithathu kuphela yokuwela ukuhlangana, futhi uma ibhasi lihamba ngemigwaqo eminingana, lingonga ama-20% wesikhathi. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo esebhasini luphinde lube nenjini ejulile yokufunda enganikeza imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yokushayela ehlakaniphile, kufaka phakathi ukubalwa kwabagibeli.
Okubaluleke kakhulu kwebhasi ubuchwepheshe bokuhamba okuqondakalayo, okubandakanya amadolobha ahlakaniphile. Ungawakhulisa kanjani kulo lonke idolobha - Izinga lokuhamba necebo lethrafikhi? Kuneminye imisebenzi okufanele yenziwe, njengokuthi ungafinyelela kanjani zonke izakhamizi ngokuxhumeka okuqondayo okunobuhlakani. NgoNovemba 2021, thina ne-tencent sakhipha iphepha elimhlophe kumabhasi anembile, kufaka phakathi ama-mini - izinhlelo, idatha enkulu, kanye ne-mini - ukusunduza uhlelo kusuka kubuchwepheshe be-tencent, olungakhulisa i-Public Transport Deport kuyo yonke idolobha - Izinga le-Smart City.
Isicelo esisodwa esijwayelekile ukuthi engxenyeni yokuqala ka-2021, sabeka ngokwezifiso izindlela ezimbili zamabhasi, sisebenzisa izinhlelo ezibalulekile zebhasi ezisebenzayo kumabhasi akhuthazelele. Eqinisweni, uma kuqhathaniswa nezimoto zangasese ezihamba ngokusho kwemephu - Imizila Enconyiwe, isikhathi sokuhamba esigciniwe amabhasi aphansi, futhi ngokuqhathaniswa namabhasi ajwayelekile, futhi ngokuqhathaniswa namabhasi ajwayelekile, futhi aqhathaniswa namabhasi ahamba phambili ngokubaluleka kwebhasi. Lokhu kunciphise kakhulu ingcindezi yethrafikhi kanye nokuncishiswa kwekhabhoni. Ngokusho kwezibalo yiChangsha Low Carbon Center, uma zonke izinkulungwane zezimoto zedolobha zibuyiselwe ngokuphelele, imali yokonga yonyaka yekhabhoni izofinyelela amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2,5. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuya ngempendulo evela kwabanye abagibeli, ngenxa yamabhasi aphambili webhasi, isikhathi esingu-40 - Isikhathi sokuhamba semizuzu sehlisiwe kube yimizuzu engama-20, ngakho-ke bajabule kakhulu.
Ungakusebenzisa kanjani lolu hlelo lonke? Singaqhubeka nesinyathelo ngesinyathelo. Isinyathelo sokuqala ukwenza ngokwezifiso amabhasi noma ukubekwa phambili kwebhasi Isinyathelo sesibili ukuqaliswa kabusha kwedolobha noma iningi lenethiwekhi yebhasi lendawo, ukuhlelwa okuphelele, bese kufinyelela umgomo wokuhamba kuqala kwebhasi. Isinyathelo sesithathu ukuhlanganisa amanye amathuluzi okuhamba ukuze uthuthukise okuphansi - ukuhamba kwekhabhoni kokuhamba kahle kwedolobha, ukufeza ukungathathi hlangothi kwekhabhoni yangempela.
Likuphi inani lokubaluleka kwebhasi elisebenzayo? Many new technologies are often well-received but not well-used, because their value is difficult to calculate, generally long-term value. Kepha inani lentengo yebhasi kulula ukubalwa. Singakhuluma ngakho kusuka kumazinga amathathu: eyokuqala yimali yokugibela, siyibiza nge-Okokuqala - Inani le-Order. Kulula kakhulu, uma imoto ngayinye igcina i-20% yesikhathi futhi idonsele umuntu oyedwa ukuze ayithathe ukuze uthole imali ye-2 yuan, imali ekhuphukayo ingama-36,000 yuan cishe iminyaka emithathu, ngokwanele ukubuyisa imali; Uma uhambo ngalunye luthwala abantu abahlanu, imali ekhuphukayo yangempela iphakeme kakhulu, ngenzuzo yenzuzo ye-140,000 Yuan ngemoto ngayinye. Kunwetshwe kulo lonke idolobha, ukuthatha i-changsha njengesibonelo, kungakhuphula imali ngo-1 billion yuan. Okwesibili yintengo yekhabhoni. Njengamanje, ukuhweba kwethu kwekhabhoni sekuvele kwaqala, kanti intengo iphansi, ngo-40 yuan ngethani ngalinye. Noma ngentengo yekhabhoni yama-40 yuan, ukunciphisa ukuphuma kwekhabhoni ngamathani ayizigidi eziyi-2,5 edolobheni, singasindisa i-yuan eyizigidi eziyi-100 ngamanani entengo kakhabhoni ngonyaka owodwa, ama-yuan angama-300 eminyakeni emithathu, ngokwanele ukubuyisela imali. Ngokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yekhabhoni, eminyakeni emibili ezayo, kuzofinyelela ngo-200 - 300 yuan / ton. Uma sinciphisa amathani ayizigidi ezingama-2,5 ezikhuphukayo, singonga amanani e-yuan angama-750 ngamanani entengo yekhabhoni ngonyaka owodwa, kanye no-2.25 billion yuan eminyakeni emithathu, enenzuzo ye-189 billion yuan. Lokhu kusezingeni eliphansi kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa namanani entengo yekhabhoni eYurophu naseMelika. I-Europe njengamanje ingama-71 euros ngethani ngalinye (cishe ngo-497 yuan), i-United States inamadola angama-51 e-US ngethani ngalinye, kanti iCalifornia iyahlekisa kakhulu, ngentengo yekhabhoni yama-dollar angama-200 ngethani lama-200 lase-US ngethani ngalinye. Uma kubalwa entengo yekhabhoni eCalifornia, sizokonga amadola angama-500 wezigidi zase-US enani lama-carbon ukuphuma kwekhabhoni ngonyaka, okucatshangelwa kakhulu.
Isici sesithathu inani lezenhlalo. Njalo ubuchwepheshe obusha, njengokuxhumana okukhaliphile nokushayela okuhlakaniphile, empeleni kungubuchwepheshe bezinguquko, ngoba kungafinyelela masinyane wonke umuntu ojwayelekile, ukuzuza abantu abasebenza ngengqalasizinda, futhi empeleni kunomthelela obaluleke kakhulu emnothweni wethu jikelele nasemfutho wabantu wenzuzo. Isibonelo, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwikhilomitha elilodwa lesitimela kungashintshwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe okuphelele kokuphansi - ukuhamba kwekhabhoni kulo lonke elase-changsha, futhi kungaphothulwa ezinyangeni eziyisithupha. Siyazi ukuthi imisebenzi engaphansi komhlaba iphansi - ikhabhoni, kepha ukwakhiwa okungaphansi komhlaba kuphakeme - ikhabhoni, ukuthatha iminyaka eyi-15 ukuphula ngisho.