1.overview yokuthuthukiswa kwebhasi smart eChina
Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthukiswa kwezithuthi zomphakathi ezihlakaniphile kuqondiswa ukuthuthukisa amadolobha anamuhla ahlakaniphile kanye nesilinganiso esisebenzayo samadolobha ukufeza ukuphakama - Ikhwalithi YezokuThutha. Ngokusho kwezibalo, inani lamabhasi namabhasi kagesi ezweni lonke landa lisuka ku-375,000 libe ngama-589,900 ukusuka ngo-2020 kuya ku-2020. Njengoba ukwakhiwa kwebhasi ledolobha kuyaqhubeka ukukhuphuka futhi izinga lezimoto zikhula ngokuqinile, izinga lemishini yezobuchwepheshe selithuthuke ngokushesha. Lokhu kuboniswa ikakhulukazi ebuhlakani obukhulayo bezobuchwepheshe bokuphatha ama-Dispatch kanye namazinga wesevisi yokuhamba, okungagcini nje ngokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokuhamba zasemadolobheni kepha futhi zibe yi-lever ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwamadolobha ahlakaniphile eChina. Inhloso ebalulekile yokuqhakambisa ibhasi elihlakaniphile ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi yezinsizakalo zokuhamba zomphakathi, ukuqondisa abahlali basemadolobheni ukubeka phambili ibhasi ukuze bahambe, futhi bafake isandla ekuthuthweni kwedolobha kanye nentuthuko esimeme.
Ngesikhathi seminyaka emihlanu - INNYANGO YONYAKA INDAWO, iChina yaqala ukukhushulwa okuphelele kwebhasi smart. Amashumi amathathu - Amadolobha ayisithupha okushayela aqeda iphrojekthi ye- "Urban smart application application," eshayela ezokwakhiwa kwezwe lonke lokuhlelwa kwezokuthutha umphakathi yasedolobheni kanye nokukhalipha. Ngesikhathi seminyaka eyi-13 emihlanu - Unyaka weSpy, ukuhlela kanye nokwakhiwa kwebhasi "le-Intanethi neCity" embonini yezokuhamba kugqugquzele ukuhlanganiswa okujulile kwe-Intanethi yeselula ne-Smart. Ngokusekelwa okusebenzayo kwezinqubomgomo zikazwelonke, amaphrojekthi wokushayela kanye namaphrojekthi wokubonisa ekusikeni - izindawo eziphakeme njengokushayela okuzimele kanye nemoto - Ukuhlanganiswa kwemigwaqo kuye kwenziwa eBeijing, eShanghai, Hebei, nezinye izindawo. Ixhaswe futhi iqhutshwa ubuchwepheshe bolwazi njenge-5G ne-Intanethi yezinto, amabhasi angahleliwe asetshenzisiwe emadolobheni anjengeSuzhou, Shenzhen, kanye noXiamen. Ibhasi ledolobha kanye nezinsizakalo zokuhamba ngobuningi ziqala kancane kancane ukushayela okuzenzakalelayo kanye nenethiwekhi ehlakaniphile. Ubuchwepheshe obusha bezobuchwepheshe kanye nezithuthi zomphakathi zasemadolobheni zingene esiteji sokuhlanganiswa okujulile, zibona ekuqaleni ukuthuthukiswa okuhlanganisiwe kwe-smart technology technology emisha kanye nesicelo.
Ngesikhathi seminyaka engu-14 emihlanu - Isikhathi sonyaka weNyaka, Ukukhalipha kwe-China kwezithuthi zomphakathi kuzongena ngokuphelele esigabeni se- "Smart Bas" Construction. "I-14th Five House Plan" uhlaka olukhishwe nguMbuso ngoMashi 2021 luveze ngokusobala ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokuhamba zomphakathi zasemadolobheni, ukuthuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezinto ezihambisanayo zomphakathi, futhi ukuhlakanipha kwezitimela zomphakathi ezintsha kuzongena esiteshini sokuphakama - ukuthuthukiswa kwekhwalithi.
Ubuchwepheshe be-2.Key kanye ne-drive yabo kwizimboni ezihlobene nokuthuthuka okusha kwebhasi smart
Uma kuqhathaniswa nebhasi lendabuko, ibhasi elihlakaniphile linezici ezimbili eziphambili. Okokuqala, ngokuya ngezici zobuchwepheshe, kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusha njengedatha enkulu, i-computer yamafu, ukushayela okuzimele, izimoto zikagesi, kanye nokuphatha, ukuthuthukisa ubuhlakani, okwenziwe ngezifiso, kanye ne-carbon level. Okwesibili, ngokuya ngokuphathwa kokusebenza kanye nekhwalithi yesevisi, ihlose ukudala uhlobo olusha lwebhasi elinamazinga aphezulu sensizakalo kanye nezimpawu ezingaphezulu zabantu. Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile kanye nezindawo zokusebenza zokuthuthuka okusha kwebhasi emadolobheni aseChinese ikakhulukazi zibandakanya: amabhodi we-elekthronikhi neziteshi zebhasi ezihlakaniphile, idatha yenethiwekhi eyenziwe, njll.
Ngokombono wokushayela umnotho wezimboni ngobuchwepheshe obusha, i-Smart Bus Imboni ehlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwe-software ne-hardware, ukuhlanganiswa kohlelo, kanye nezinsizakalo zobuchwepheshe obuphakeme nenani eliphakeme. Njengokuhlanganiswa kokukhiqizwa, nocwaningo kuyaqhubeka ukuqinisa, ukwakhiwa kwebhasi le-Smart nakho kunezimpawu zokuxhumeka okukhulu komkhakha omkhulu kanye nokwehla komkhakha, namaketanga amade embonini, ikakhulukazi aboniswe ezicini ezilandelayo:
1.Ukwakhiwa kweziteshi zamabhasi ahlakaniphile kubandakanya izingxenye ezinjengamakhamera, i-WiFi, izindawo zokuqapha umakhalekhukhwini, izinzwa zokuqapha zemvelo, imishini ekhanyayo, imishini yokuqasha okuhlangenwe nakho, neminye imishini, neminye imishini, ngezinga elikhulu lokuhambisana kwezimboni.
2. Imibandela yobuhlakani bamabhasi ngokwabo, ngokuvamile idinga ukufakwa kwamadivayisi wokuzitholela wokushayela (i-DMS), amadivaysi okushayela ngokuphepha auxilier (adas), ukuthuthukisa ukuphepha kokushayela. Ukufakwa kwemishini yeBeidou ukuma kwangempela - Ukubekwa Kwemoto Yesikhathi; Ukufakwa kwemishini yokuqapha kanye nemishini yokuhamba yabagibeli yokugeleza ukuze kuqinisekiswe okungokoqobo - Ukuqashelwa Kwesikhathi Kwezimoto. Amabhasi ahlakaniphile angashayela ukuthuthukiswa kochungechunge lwezimboni ezihlobene ne-Onboard terminal.
3.Kuzokwakhiwa kwezinhlelo zamabhasi ezinethiwekhi ezihlakaniphile, ukuthuthukiswa kwezobunhloli emigwaqweni kanye nenguquko ngokuvamile kuyadingeka. Imishini eseceleni komgwaqo efana nokubhekwa kwevidiyo, i-radar ye-laser, ama-millimeter - ama-radar we-wave, amaseva we-computer, njll., Ukwenza umgwaqo we-V2X - Kungashayela ukwakheka kwamaketanga ahlobene nezimboni aphezulu - Izinzwa ezihlakaniphile zokusebenza, ama-Cart Network Module Chips, imishini yokugcina izimoto, ukukhiqiza izimoto, ukuqinisekiswa kwezimoto, nokuqinisekiswa kokusebenza.
I-4.Imigomo yesoftware yokuphatha, izothuthukisa ukuthuthukiswa kwezimboni zesoftware ezifana nohlelo lokuhlelela izinto zokuhamba zomphakathi, uhlelo lokuphathwa kwamabhizinisi, nohlelo lokuqondisa imboni.
5.Ngokusensimini yezinsizakalo zolwazi lwebhasi kanye nezinkokhelo, isoftware ehlukahlukene yokuhamba nezindlela zokukhokha zizobheka ibhasi njengendawo ebalulekile yethrafikhi. Isibonelo, ngo-Ephreli 2022, iChongQing yavula inkokhelo yebhasi yedijithali, ibona imisebenzi yokukhokha ikhodi ye-QR yokwelashwa komphakathi okwenziwe ngezifiso nge-Chongqil RMB okokuqala eChongqing
I-6.china impumelelo e-Smart Public Trastistation ibheke ezimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandleEkupheleni kuka-2020, izinkampani ezifuywayo ziphothule ukwakhiwa kohlelo lwe-IC Card Card, ukufakwa kwamakhadi, kanye namabhasi okukhokha eMyanmar, futhi afezekise okuphezulu kwe-China, futhi afezeke izicelo ezinhle zombukiso phesheya kwezilwandle, okusetshenziswa kwezobuchwepheshe zokuhamba eChina. Ngo-2021, izinkampani zaseChina ziwine ngempumelelo ibhidi lephrojekthi yenguquko ehlakaniphile yezinhlelo zokuhamba zomphakathi enhlokodolobha yase-Ethiopia. Lawa maphrojekthi webhasi ahlakaniphile aya phesheya kwesiqalo esibalulekile samazinga obuchwepheshe aseChina ukuze afake ngokuhlelekile izimakethe zaphesheya kwezilwandle, okubaluleke kakhulu futhi kude - ukufinyelela umthelela embonini yezokuhamba yaseChina.