Ndili ndi zaka 40 zakusintha ndikutsegulira, dziko lathu lakhala likupita patsogolo kwambiri m'matauni ndipo adakwaniritsa zabwino zambiri. Komabe, kutsutsana pakati pa kuvuta kwa moyo wamatauni ndi kuphatikizika kwa magalimoto kwakhala wotchuka kwambiri. Tsopano tili ndi magalimoto apadera ochulukirapo, koma kuchuluka kwawo kumakhala kotsika kwambiri, kotero mabasi ndi mayendedwe apagulu akhala chisankho chomwe amakonda kuyenda. Mwa mitundu yambiri yoyendera, mabasi amatengabe okwera kwambiri masiku ano, poyerekeza ndi miliyoni miliyoni patsiku, poyerekeza ndi pafupifupi miliyoni 60 kuti akwere - Mabakisi a miliyoni 13 a kukwera mabati. Kulimbikitsa gawo likulu la urban
Kuchuluka kwa mabasi kumachepa pang'onopang'ono, ndipo zifukwa zake ndi zopweteka zambiri paulendo: choyamba, pankhani ya kuzindikira, anthu ambiri amaganiza kuti mabasiwo ndi omwe amatonthoza boma, komanso thanzi la anthu ovutitsa. Kachiwiri, zochitika za basi ndi osauka, osasunthika, kuchedwa, nthawi yayitali kudikirira, ndipo kuthamanga pafupipafupi, komwe kumabweretsa zothandizira zopanda pake zikachitika. Njira zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zithetse izi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi maulendo ndi njira zothekera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zitheke komanso nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimayambitsa kuzungulira. Pomaliza, anthu ambiri amasintha kuchoka kumabasi kupita ku ntchito kukagwira ntchito, ndikupangitsa magalimoto otsekemera ndi mabasi omwe akuyembekezera. Izi zitatu - Maumwini Opweteka, mizere iwiri yoipa iyi imayesedwa, ikukulirakulira. Kuti athetse kugwira ntchito kwa kuyenda kwa umizinda, ndibwino kugawa ufulu wosiyanasiyana wa msewu wa anthu oyendera anthu, monga kuponyera gawo lofunika kwambiri. Pakadali pano, ufulu wa mabasi, ngakhale anthu onyamula anthu 60 kapena anthu 40, ndi ofanana ndi galimoto imodzi. Ngati mabasi ali ndi udindo patsogolo, nthawi yoyenda ikufupikitsidwa, zokumana nazo zili bwino, ndipo aliyense adzasankha kukwera basi. Zotsatira zake, galimoto yapadera imachepa, kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndikukhala ochezeka.
Pali njira zitatu zomangirira mabasi. Zaka zingapo zapitazi, njira yofala kwambiri inali kuyikidwa pachimake, monga BRT. Iyi ndi njira yokhazikika, yokwanira kwambiri munjira yamisewu ndikuwononga zinthu, ndipo sikuchitika. Njira inanso imangokhala, kuweruza kuchokera kunja, pakuzindikira ngati ndi basi, monga kuwerenga mafoni, koma sikungathe kukwaniritsa mphamvu yakunja yamphamvu. Zomwe takhala tikuchita m'zaka zingapo zapitazi zikugwira ntchito yogwira ntchito, pogwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wamagalimoto ogwirizanitsidwa kwambiri, pomwe mabasi amatumiza mosamala ku magetsi pamsewu. Chifukwa cha CV2X National Standard, yomwe ili ndi milmimet - Zofunika kwambiri zitadzaza anthu ambiri, ndipo zotsitsa patsogolo pake zikakhala zochulukirapo, mabasi omwe nthawi zambiri safunikira patsogolo, ndipo omwe achedwa. Mphepo imangofunika kukhazikitsa bokosi limodzi, osakhazikitsa makamera mbali iliyonse. Ikalandira chizindikiro kuchokera pa onboard Obadi, adzaweruza kuti alolere basi ipite kaye. Chitsanzo chofanana ndi bus ikafika pamagetsi owunikira ndipo kuwalako kuli pafupi kutembenuka, kumadikirira basi kuti zisasinthidwe. Chifukwa cha misewu yathu yayitali, zimangotenga mphindi ziwiri zokha kapena zitatu zokha kuti muwoloke msewu, ndipo ngati basi idutsa magawo angapo, imatha kusunga 20% ya nthawi. Nthawi yomweyo, dongosolo lomwe lili pabasi limakhalanso ndi injini yophunzirira yomwe imatha kupereka kuyendetsa kwanzeru kwanzeru, kuphatikizapo kuwerengera.
Cholinga Choyambirira Ndi Mwatswiri Wanzeru Zanzeru, zokhudzana ndi mizinda yanzeru. Momwe mungakulitsire ku mzinda wonse - Kuyenda kwamagalimoto ndi mapulani amsewu? Pali ntchito zina zoti zichitike, monga momwe mungakwaniritsire nzika iliyonse mwanzeru mwanzeru. Mu Novembala 2021, ife ndi timatenti adatulutsa pepala loyera m'mabasi, kuphatikiza mini - Mapulogalamu akulu, omwe angakulimbikitseni ukadaulo wapagulu, zomwe zingakuthandizireni kusinthika kwa mzindawu.
Ntchito imodzi yomwe ili mu theka loyamba la 2021, timakonda mabasi awiri, kugwiritsa ntchito njira zogwirizira mabasi kuti tisunthe mabasi. M'malo mwake, poyerekeza ndi magalimoto achinsinsi omwe akuyenda molingana ndi map - Nthawi yoyeserera yosungidwa ndi mabasi okhazikika, ndipo nthawi yoyendayenda ndi mabasi. Izi zasandutsa nkhawa zamagalimoto ndikuchepetsa mpweya wamakani. Malinga ndi kuwerengera ndi Changha otsika carbon, ngati magalimoto onse a mzindawo amabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu, ndalama za kaboni miliyoni zimafikira matani 2.5 miliyoni. Kuphatikiza apo, malinga ndi ndemanga kuchokera kwa okwera magalimoto, chifukwa chotsatira mabasi oyenda mabasi, 40 - Nthawi ya mphindi yoyandikira yachepetsedwa mpaka mphindi 20, chifukwa ali osangalala kwambiri.
Kodi kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi yonseyi ndi iti? Titha kupitilira sitepe. Gawo loyamba ndikusintha kaye basi kapena malo ofunikira pa basi - Kusintha kwa mzere, monga magawo 20, chifukwa mulibe ndalama zambiri, chifukwa njira yosinthika yotsimikizika. Gawo lachiwiri ndi kukhazikitsa kwathunthu mzindawu kapena malo ambiri a malowa, kukonzekera kwakukulu, kenako ndikukwaniritsa cholinga choyenda basi. Gawo lachitatu ndikuphatikiza zida zina zoyendera zoyendera zonyamula zoyendera - maboti a kaboni yonse ya mzindawu, akukwaniritsa udindo wowona wa kaboni.
Kodi mtengo wogwira ntchito yogwira ntchito ndi ili kuti? Matekinoloje ambiri atsopano nthawi zambiri amalandila - adalandira koma osati bwino - zogwiritsidwa ntchito, chifukwa phindu lawo ndizovuta kuwerengera, nthawi yayitali - Koma mtengo wamabasi ndikosavuta kuwerengetsa. Titha kukambirana za magawo atatu: woyamba ndi mtengo, timachitcha woyamba - mtengo. Ndiosavuta kwambiri, ngati galimoto iliyonse imasunga 20% ya nthawi ndikukopa munthu wina kuti atenge ndalama 2 yoan, ndalama zowonjezereka ndi pafupifupi 36,000 Yuan zaka zitatu, zokwanira kubwezeretsa ndalama; Ngati ulendo uliwonse ukanyamula anthu ena asanu, ndalama zenizeni ndizokwera kwambiri, pogwiritsa ntchito vati ya 140,000 Yuan pagalimoto iliyonse. Kukula Mzinda wonse, akutenga angshasha monga chitsanzo, amatha kuwonjezera ndalama ndi 1 biliyoni Yuan. Chachiwiri ndiye mtengo wamakani. Pakadali pano, malonda athu kaboni amayamba kumene, ndipo mtengo wake ndi wotsika kwambiri, ku 40 yuan pa toni. Ngakhale pamtengo wa kaboni wa 40 Yuan, ndikuchepetsa matani a kaboni 2,5 miliyoni mu mzindawo, titha kugwiritsa ntchito Miliyoni 100 m'chaka chimodzi cha Carbon mchaka chimodzi, zokwanira kuti mugwiritse ntchito ndalama. Ndi kukwera pamtengo wa kaboni, zaka ziwiri zotsatira, ifika 200 - 300 Yuan / Toni. Tikachepetsa matani a 2.5 miliyoni, titha kupulumutsa Yuan Mipira ya Carbon mchaka chimodzi, ndipo 2,25 biliyoni " Izi zidakali wotsika kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitengo ya kaboni ku Europe ndi United States. Europe pano pa 71 Euro pa Tony (pafupifupi 497 Yuan), United States ili pa 51 madola pa ma tani 51 Ngati kuwerengeredwa pamtengo wa kaboni ku California, tidzapulumutsa madola 500 miliyoni ku Carborm mtengo wamtengo wapatali pachaka, womwe ndi wokulirapo.
Gawo lachitatu ndi lothandiza. Tekinoloji yatsopano iliyonse, monga kukhazikika kwanzeru komanso kuyang'anitsitsa anthu wamba, chifukwa kumatha kufika kwa anthu wamba, chifukwa cholowerera ndale, ndipo kumathandizanso pachuma chathu chonse komanso kuchuluka kwa anthu. Mwachitsanzo, kugulitsa mu kilomita imodzi yam'madzi kungasinthidwe kuti akweze kwathunthu kukweza - kaboni amayendayenda kangapo, ndipo imatha kumalizidwa m'miyezi isanu ndi umodzi. Tikudziwa kuti ntchito zam'mbuyo ndizochepa - kaboni, koma zomangamanga zimakwera - kaboni, amatenga zaka 15 kuti athyole.
- Apaulendo amatha kuwona zenizeni - Chidziwitso cha basi nthawi iliyonse, kulikonse kudutsa pulogalamu ya basi.
- Apaulendo amatha kudziwa komwe kuli basi panthawi yeniyeni kudutsa - board GPS.
- Kuthandizira njira zosiyanasiyana zosonyezera zenizeni - Malo a nthawi ya basi, monga mutu, ndi mapu.
- Kuthandizira kukhazikitsa ndikutulutsa - zikumbutso kuti zilepheretse anthu kuti asachotse galimoto.
- Muzipereka zambiri pa njinga zapansi panthaka ndi anthu onse pamalopo, kuti anthu azithamangira mosavuta.