Hamwe n'imyaka 40 yo kuvugurura no gufungura, igihugu cyacu cyateye intambwe igaragara mu mijyi kandi igera kubyagezweho. Ariko, kwivuguruza hagati yorohewe nubuzima bwumujyi no kwiyongera kwimibanire byarushijeho gukomera. Ubu dufite imodoka nyinshi kandi zigenga, ariko igipimo cyabo cyo gutura hasi cyane, bityo bisi hamwe no gutwara abantu no gutwara abantu bahisemo kugenda mumijyi. Muburyo bwinshi bwo gutwara abantu, bisi ziracyafite abagenzi benshi muri iki gihe, hamwe ningendo zigera kuri miliyoni 200 kumunsi, ugereranije na miliyoni 60 za metero na miliyoni 130 zo gutwara - Ubuvugizi kuri Bus yo muri Busbabity Party, nigute bisi zihuta zakemuye imikorere yimigendere yimijyi?
Igipimo cya bisi ziragabanuka buhoro buhoro, kandi impamvu ni ibintu byinshi bibabara mu rugendo rwa bisi: icya mbere, abantu benshi batekereza ko bisi zitangwa, zikabaho umutwaro wa guverinoma, n'imibereho myiza y'abatishoboye. Icya kabiri, uburambe bwa bisi ni umukene, hamwe no guhagarara bidafite ishingiro, gutinda, gutegereza igihe kirekire, kandi bitera gusa ubusa, biganisha ku nkunga ikabije iyo habaye ubusa. Ingamba zafashwe kugirango zishoboke akenshi zirimo guhagarika ingendo n'inzira, bivamo uburambe bubi no gutegereza igihe kirekire, biganisha ku ruziga rukabije. Hanyuma, abantu benshi bahindura muri bisi bajya gutwara akazi, bigatuma traffic cyane na bisi zibaswe na bisi zitegereje igihe kirekire. Ibi bitatu - Tier ububabare, izi nziga ebyiri zikabije zarabaye, zigenda ziyongera. Kugirango ukemure imikorere yingendo zo mumijyi, nibyiza gutanga uburenganzira butandukanye bwumuhanda gahunda yo gutwara abantu, nko guha bisi yibanze. Kugeza ubu, uburenganzira bwa bisi, byaba bitwaye abantu 60 cyangwa 40, ni kimwe n'imodoka imwe y'abagenzi. Niba bisi zifite ibyihutirwa, igihe cyo kugenda kigufi, uburambe burarenze, kandi buriwese azahitamo gufata bisi. Nkigisubizo, kugenda imodoka byigenga bigabanuka, kugabanya ubwinshi bwimodoka kandi bigahinduka urugwiro.
Hariho inzira eshatu zo gushyira imbere bisi. Mu myaka mike ishize, uburyo busanzwe bwari bushingiye ku muhanda, nka Brt. Ubu ni bwo buryo buhamye, hamwe n'ubushobozi buke cyane mu kurwanya uburenganzira bw'umuhanda no guta umutungo, kandi ntibikiri gukorwa. Ubundi buryo buratandukanye, ucibwa hanze, tubona niba ari bisi, nko gusoma ibyapa byo gusoma, ariko ntibishobora kugera ku kugabanuka kw'umuhanda. Ibyo twakoraga mu myaka mike ishize birakoreshwa cyane, dukoresheje ikoranabuhanga riheruka guhuza ikoranabuhanga rigezweho, aho bisi zohereza ibyifuzo byo gusaba amatara yumuhanda kugirango habeho amatara yibanze. Bikesheje ibipimo byigihugu cya CV2X, bifite ubudakemwa bwa minisekonde, santimetero ya chisecond - urwego, naho hakurya - Ibiri hejuru mugihe cyuzuyemo, no hepfo yibanze mugihe ibintu bike, bisi zigihe zidakeneye umwanya, nibindi bimaze gutinda gukora. Imihanda ikeneye gusa gushiraho agasanduku kamwe, utiriwe ushyiraho kamera muri buri cyerekezo. Iyo yakiriye ibimenyetso byo gusaba kuva kuri orboard ou, izacira urubanza niba yaretse bisi zikajya. Urugero rusanzwe ni mugihe bisi igeze kumucyo wumuhanda kandi urumuri ruri hafi guhinduka umutuku, bizategereza bisi kunyura inyuma yumutuku. Bitewe n'imihanda yacu yagutse, bisaba iminota ibiri cyangwa itatu gusa kugirango wambuke amasangano, kandi niba bisi inyuze mumahuza, irashobora kuzigama 20% yigihe. Muri icyo gihe, sisitemu muri bisi ifite kandi moteri yimbitse ishobora gutanga imirimo itandukanye yo gutwara, harimo no kubara abagenzi.
Bus yibanze ni tekinoroji yubwikorezi bwubwenge, irimo imigi yubwenge. Nigute wagumagura mumujyi wose - urwego rwingendo na gahunda yumuhanda? Hariho indi mirimo ikorwa, nkuburyo bwo kugera buri muturage binyuze muburyo bwubwenge bwubwenge. Mu Gushyingo 2021, twe na oncent twasohoye impapuro zera kuri bisi zuzuye, harimo Mini - Gahunda nini, na mini - Gusunika Ikoranabuhanga rya Leta Umujyi wose - Urwego rwa Smart Umujyi.
Icyifuzo kimwe gisanzwe nuko mugice cya mbere cya 2021, twateguye inzira ebyiri za bisi, dushyira mubikorwa bya bisi ishyira imbere muri bisi zifatiye. Mubyukuri, ugereranije nimodoka yigenga igenda ukurikije ikarita - yasabye inzira, impuzandengo yo kugenda yakijijwe na bisi 27%, kandi ugereranije na bisi zisanzwe, kandi ugereranije na bisi zisanzwe zagiye muri bisi kuko birihuta hamwe na bisi. Ibi byagabanije cyane igitutu cyumuhanda no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya karuboni. Nk'uko kubara na charshi bike bya karubone, niba ibinyabiziga ibihumbi byose byasubiwemo, kuzigama kwa karubone ngarukamwaka bizagera kuri toni miliyoni 2,5. Byongeye kandi, ukurikije ibitekerezo byatanzwe nabagenzi bamwe, kubera bisi za bisi mbisi, 40 - Igihe cyo kugenda cyagabanijwe kugeza muminota 20, nuko barishima cyane.
Nigute washyira mubikorwa iyi sisitemu yose? Turashobora gukomeza intambwe ku yindi. Intambwe yambere nuguhitamo bus cyangwa bisi yibanze kuri bisi - Guhindura umurongo, nkibice byibanze cyangwa ibice bigera kuri 20, kuko nta shoramari ryibikorwa remezo, ni inzira yoroheje. Intambwe ya kabiri ni ishyirwa mubikorwa rusange ryumujyi cyangwa byinshi mukarere ka bisi yakarere, igenamigambi ryuzuye, hanyuma ugere ku ntego yurugendo rwa bisi. Intambwe ya gatatu nuguhuza ibindi bikoresho byo gutwara abantu kugirango utegure hasi - ingendo za karubone yumujyi wose wimodoka, ugera ku kutabogama kwukuri.
Ari he agaciro ka bisi ikorwa? Ikoranabuhanga rishya rikunze kugaragara - ryakiriwe ariko ntabwo rifite neza - ryakoreshejwe, kuko agaciro kabo biragoye kubara, muri rusange - manda agaciro. Ariko agaciro ka bisi yibanze ni byoroshye kubara. Turashobora kubiganiraho kuva mu nzego eshatu: iyambere ni igiciro, turabyita agaciro - itegeko. Biroroshye cyane, niba buri kinyabiziga gikiza imyaka 20% byigihe kandi gikurura undi muntu kugirango ayifate ku biciro bya 2 Yuan, amafaranga yiyongera afite agera mu myaka itatu, ahagije yo kuvugurura ishoramari; Niba buri rugendo rufite abantu batanu, amafaranga yiyongera yinjira ni hejuru, hamwe nu nyungu rusange ya 140.000 yuan kuri ikinyabiziga. Kwagurwa mu mujyi wose, ufata Changsha nk'urugero, birashobora kongera amafaranga ya miliyari 1 Yuan. Iya kabiri ni igiciro cya karubone. Kugeza ubu, ubucuruzi bwacu bwa karubone bwatangiye, kandi igiciro ni gito, kuri 40 yuan kuri toni. Ndetse no ku giciro cya karubone cya 40 Yuan, Kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ka CORBON na toni miliyoni 2.5 mu mujyi, dushobora kuzigama miliyoni 100 Yuan mu mwaka umwe, miliyoni 300 Yuan mu myaka itatu, bihagije kugirango dusubiremo ishoramari. Hamwe no kuzamuka mu biciro bya karubone, mu myaka ibiri iri imbere, bizagera kuri 200 - 300 Yuan / toni. Niba tugabanije toni miliyoni 2,5 z'imyuka, dushobora gukiza miliyoni 750 Yuan mu bihe bya karubone mu mwaka umwe, na miliyari 2.25 ya muri miliyari 2.25, ifite inyungu nziza ya miliyari 1.89. Ibi biracyari bike ugereranije nibiciro bya karubone muburayi na Amerika. Kugeza ubu Uburayi buri ku ya 71 z'amayero kuri toni (hafi ya 497), Amerika iri ku madorari 51 kuri toni, kandi muri Californiya irasekeje cyane, hamwe nigiciro cya karubone cyamadolari 200 kuri toni 200. Niba ubarwa ku giciro cya karubone muri Californiya, tuzakiza miliyoni 500 z'amadolari y'Amerika mu kirere cya karubone ku mwaka, bikaba bike cyane.
Icyerekezo cya gatatu ni agaciro k'imibereho. Buri ikoranabuhanga rishya, nko guhuza ubwenge no gutwara ubwenge, mubyukuri ni tekinoroji ya gisanzwe, kuko irashobora kugera ku buhanga, ibikorwa remezo, mu buryo butabogamye, kandi mu byukuri, ibikorwa by'ubwikorezi bya karubone, kandi mubyukuri bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubukungu bwacu muri rusange hamwe nabantu bafite inyungu. Kurugero, ishoramari muri kilometero imwe rya metero irashobora guhanagura kuzamura ibintu byinshi byo hasi - ingendo za karubone muri Changsha, kandi irashobora kurangira mumezi atandatu. Turabizi ko ibikorwa bya metero biri hasi - Carbone, ariko Resiji itubatswe - karubone, gufata imyaka 15 kugirango bicike ndetse.
- Abagenzi barashobora kugenzura nyabyo - igihe cya bisi igihe icyo aricyo cyose, ahantu hose binyuze muri porogaramu ya bisi.
- Abagenzi barashobora kumenya aho bisi iherereye mugihe nyacyo binyuze kuri - GPS.
- Shigikira inzira zitandukanye zo kwerekana ukuri - Igihe cya bisi, nkinyandiko, nikarita.
- Inkunga imaze guhagera kandi ifate - kuzimira kwibutsa kubuza abantu kubura imodoka.
- Tanga amakuru yimikoranire kuri metero kumugaragaro kuri sitasiyo, kugirango abantu bazenguke byoroshye.