Zovuta zomwe zimayang'aniridwa ndi kukula kwa mabasi anzeru zimaganiziridwanso ndi malingaliro atatu: malingaliro a anthu okhala m'matauni, malingaliro a mabizinesi ogwira ntchito amayenda, komanso malingaliro a oyang'anira madera.
Kuchokera m'matawuni, vuto lomwe lili ndiulendo wa basi ndi nthawi yayitali yoyenda. Zomwe zimachitika vutoli limaphatikizapo nthawi yayitali kuyembekezera mabasi ndi mabasi kukhala ndandanda. Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kusintha luso la ntchito yamabasi, mabasi nthawi zambiri amachepetsedwa kuchuluka ndikukhala pakati pa akufa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ziwonjezeke. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera okwera okwera, mabasi amatha kusokoneza, kukulitsa kuti mulibe - Zogwirizana ndi njirayi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale misampha yayitali m'misewu. Kuphatikiza apo, palinso vuto lililonse ndi kusowa kwa chitonthozo choyenda basi, monga mabasi odzaza ndi ma hotspots komanso pamayendedwe ena.
Kuchokera m'malingaliro ogwiritsira ntchito mabasi, pali zinthu zingapo zomwe zili ndiulendo wapano: Poyamba, mikangano pakati pa okwera ndi madalaivala, moto wamabasi, ngozi zina ndi zoyambitsidwa ndi zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Kachiwiri, kulemba mabasi basi kumakhala kovuta komanso kokwera mtengo. Mabasi oyendetsa amafunika madalaivala ndi A3 - Ziphaso. Ndipo mtengo wokwera wa oyendetsa, kuphatikiza ndi maola ambiri ogwira ntchito, nthawi zambiri kumayambitsa kutopa komanso kuwononga ndalama zambiri. Chachitatu, kuyenda kwa basi kumayang'anizana ndi mpikisano kuchokera ku mitundu ina yoyendera mayendedwe ngati njanji, njinga zamagetsi, njinga, makamaka zomwe zimayambitsa kukwera. Poyerekeza ndiulendo wamabasi, kukwera - ntchito zomenyera kumapereka mwayi wapamwamba, zosinthika, komanso kupezeka kwakukulu.
Kuchokera m'madera akumatauni, pali zovuta zotsatirazi zomwe zikuyenda bwino pa basi: Poyamba, madera a Urban - Zisankho za Suble Zofunika Kwambiri, Njira za City. Kachiwiri, kumasulidwa kwa panthawi yake komanso molondola kwa zidziwitso zoyendera ndi kosakwanira, ndi mabasi ambiri amzinda womwe sungathe kudutsa zidziwitso zapaulendo. Chachitatu, kuwunika kwa mabasi sikulinganizo. Nthawi zambiri, kukonza mabasi amadalira ndalama zambiri pakugulitsa mabasi, pomwe akunyalanyaza njira zina zothandiza monga kusinthika kwanzeru.
Zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zikuchitika mabasi anzeru
Pomanga mabasi olumikizidwa, imatha kuthandiza kukwaniritsa basi. Kuchokera m'matawuni, ndikofunikira kukulitsa "mabasi a ku Umboni". Kuchokera pamaulendo ogwira ntchito ogwiritsira ntchito mabasi, kukula kwa "mabasi otetezeka" ndikofunikira. Ndipo kuchokera m'malingaliro a oyang'anira ma Urban, kukula kwa "mabasi asayansi" kumapindulitsa mzindawo.
1. bus bus
"Mabasi olondola" ali ndi magawo osiyanasiyana azofunikira. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kuti mukhale pa nthawi, ndiye kuti, anthu amakhala kuti amayembekeza mabasi kuti achokepo ndikufika poimikapo malo okhazikika pa nthawi yake, kotero okhalamo amatha kukonza njira yawo yonyamuka mogwirizana. Kachiwiri, "mabatani osinthika" atha kuperekedwa, komwe amakhala amakhala kuti ali ndi ndalama zoyendera kudzera munjira zodzipatulira, ndipo makampani ama bus amatha kupanga njira zoyendetsera mabasi.
Pomaliza, "Kuyankha kwa Smart" kungaperekedwe, komwe amakhala kumatha kusankha pa - Buku kudzera pa foni yam'manja ndi kupereka ntchito zabwino komanso zosasangalatsa.
Kwa magawo osiyanasiyana a "ntchito yolondola", tekinoloje yanzeru yolumikizidwa imatha kupereka malo ogwiritsira ntchito ndalama. Mwachitsanzo, malo ofunikira mabasi, kuwala kobiriwira koyenera kwambiri, Phukusi lanzeru (BRT Plafforms), mafoni a mafoni am'manja, L4 - Kufalikira kwa Micro - Mabasi Otsekeredwa, etc.
Cholinga chake chimatha kukwaniritsa chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pamlengalenga ndi nthawi, pomwe mabasi amapezeka pamsewu komanso mwayi wolowera pamsewu. Kutengera ochezera anzeru c - V2X Galimoto - Kanyumba kanjira yolumikizana ndi - mtengo komanso wokwera - Cholinga cha Nthawi Yoyeserera - Cholinga cha Nthawi Itha Kukwaniritsidwa.
Kudalira pa C - v2x kutalika - mtunda ndi otsika - mabotolo abodza Kudalira pa C - V2x Hid - Kulondola (gawo la sentimeter - Kuwerengera molingana ndi masirikali pamagawo osiyanasiyana okhala ndi misewu yopanda msewu, kuonetsetsa kuti mabasi obiriwira, akulitsa magetsi obiriwira, kudula magetsi ofiira, ndikudulira magetsi, ndikudulira gawo la magawo. Poganizira zambiri - zokambirana zoyambirira, ndipo mabasi angapo oyang'ana mabasi, kuthamanga, mayendedwe, kuchuluka kwa okwera, ndipo oyendetsa nthawi amayendetsa mogwirizana.
Kuwala kobiriwira kothamanga kwambiri kumapereka madalaivala okhala ndi mabasi othamanga monga mabatani ophatikizidwa ndi C - RE2X Specient Mamita (RSUS)
Pulatifomu yanzeru ndipo makina anzeru a pa intaneti amakwaniritsa zokhudzana ndi data. Ndipo zizindikiro zamagetsi zimatha kuwonetsa - Chidziwitso cha nthawi yokhudza mabasi, kuwonetsa bwino mabasi ndi kunyamuka, kunyamuka ndi maulendo osowa, kuthamanga kwa okwera, komanso chidziwitso china.
Micro - mabasi ozungulira am'matalika amakhazikitsa - Kukhazikika kwa Route ndi kuthamanga kwa 20km / h to 50km / h, ndi kuyendetsa kwaulere. Kugwiritsa ntchito C - V2X Galimoto - Technology Cournalogy yapaulendo idzapangitsa kuti zikhale zotsekemera mosamala komanso zotetezeka.
2.Safe basi
"Mabasi otetezeka" ali ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana. Kwa iwo okhawo: Chitetezo chagalimoto ndichofunikira kwambiri powonetsetsa mabasi otetezeka, kuphatikizapo mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana yagalimoto yokha, komanso kuwunika mokwanira kutsogolo, kumbuyo, mpando woyendetsa, zitseko, zitseko. Kwa oyendetsa madalaivala ndi okwera: Oyendetsa magalimoto ndi machitidwe azomwe amayendetsa, komanso motalika - Kutopa kofananira, ndi zifukwa zowopsa za ngozi za basi. Kuphatikiza apo, machitidwe owopsa a okwera okwera, monga kukweza mabasi a basi, amathanso kupha basi yamabasi. Kwa malo amsewu ndi ena omwe amatenga nawo mbali: malo owopsa komanso osokoneza bongo, komanso ngozi zapamsewu zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi omwe adayamba kuchita nawo magalimoto, amathanso kuwonongeka kwa basi.
Pa ntchito zotetezeka "
Zenizeni - Nthawi Kukwera kwa Mabasi Ogulitsa Mabasi
Kuwunikira kwadyera kuyendetsa galimoto kumatha kukhala ndi machitidwe osiyanasiyana osagawika komanso zochita zowopsa monga kutopa, poyendetsa galimoto, ndi kuyankha foni.
Kuzindikira oyenda mosavuta komanso osakhala - Magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto ndi magaleta owotchera magalimoto amatha kusonkhanitsa zidziwitso zamisewu kudzera mumitundu yanzeru, zomwe zimapanga mafotokozedwe amsewu. Oyendayenda akakhala - magalimoto oyendetsa magalimoto amalowa munjira yamagalimoto, machenjererowo amaperekedwa kwa mabasi. Magawo am'mphepete mwa msewu am'madzi amathanso kupanga zisankho zothandiza, ndikufalitsa malingaliro oyendetsa maopa, kuchepetsa kuthekera kwa ngozi zapamsewu.
Mlatho wa kusefukira kwamadzi umazindikira mizere ya milatho ndi ngalande kudzera m'magawo anzeru a msewu, ndipo amatumiza machenjezo apamtunda kuti alowe mumsewu kudzera - V2x RSUS.
Kusintha kwa L3 - Mabasi oyendetsa pawokha amalola dongosolo kuti likwaniritse ntchito zoyendetsa zambiri, zongochenjeza zokhazokha zomwe zachitika poyendetsa mwadzidzidzi, galimotoyo sizingawagwire, ndikulimbikitsa driver kuti atenge galimotoyo. L3 - mabasi oyendetsa okhawo amayendetsa bwino amatha kutopa kwambiri, kumasula kwa oyendetsa obwereza komanso kuwalola kuyang'ana kwambiri pa ntchito yokwera. Amathanso kumalumikizana ndi magawo apadera amisewu, monga milatho ndi zikwangwani, m'malo owopsa. Dongosolo limasokoneza njira yayikulu kwambiri, kupewa madalaivala ndi okwera chifukwa chochita zinthu molakwika pagulu. Amathanso kuyika malo olumikizira mabasi, ndikupatuka kosaposa 15cm pakati pa gawo loyamba komanso nsanja ya station, ndi kupatuka kosaposa 20cm pakuphatikizidwa 20cm.
3.Cit bus
Mabasi asayansi "amaphatikizapo zofunika m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Pokonzekera ndi kusankha - Kupanga kukula, kapangidwe ka sayansi ya mabasi a ma bus, njira zomangira mwachangu, etc. ndizofunikira. Kugwirizana kwa organic ndi njanji kumayendedwe, komaliza - maimi oyenda, etc. akufunika. Kuphatikiza ndi njira zanzeru zoyendera kumafunikira kuti muziwongolera magalimoto. Muzotulutsa mawu omasulira, zomwe zidaphatikizidwa kwambiri zimafunikira kuti apatse mabatani a bus ndi zoopsa zapamsewu kwa okhala m'mizere yokhudza kukhudza kosiyanasiyana.
Pamitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Katswiri Wasayansi" Kusamukira, okwera urban akukwera madera odziwika, ndi zina zambiri.; Micro - Gawo: Zowona - Kutseguka kwa Nthawi Yokwera, Kuyendetsa Paulendo, zikwangwani za anthu, ndi zina zambiri.
Kukhazikitsa ma network pa ma bus amasanthula kupezeka kwa mabasi m'malo otchuka ndikufotokozera madera okhala ndi zochulukirapo koma zofuna kuyenda. Ntchito Zophatikiza Zapaulendo zimapereka njira zophatikizira zoyendera zochokera paulendo, kulumikizana kosalala kwa mayendedwe oyendera mayendedwe osiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza kwathunthu maulendo oyenda, komanso malingaliro anzeru a zomwe amakonda.
4.Inueeeone
Mothandizidwa ndi ukadaulo wamasitolo wolumikizidwa, ntchito ya "mabasi a" njira "itha kuchepetsedwa ndi 15% mpaka 25%, ndipo liwiro lingachuluke ndi 20% mpaka 20%. Mlingo wa nthawi umatha kuwonjezeka ndi 40% mpaka 50%, ndipo maulendo angapo amatha kuwonjezeka ndi 25% mpaka 30%. "Mabasi Otetezeka" amapereka kasamalidwe ka chitetezo kwa mabasi, oyendetsa, oyendetsa, ndi oyendetsa magalimoto, kuchepetsa ngozi zapamsewu pofika 70% mpaka 80%. "Mabasi asayansi" amatha kukonza bwino ntchito ya basi, ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito mpaka 98%.