Inzitizi zihura nazo zishingiye kuri bisi zumvikana zasuzumwa cyane cyane mu ngingo eshatu: Icyerekezo cy'abaturage bo mu mijyi, icyerekezo cy'ibigo bishinzwe bisi, hamwe n'ibitekerezo by'abayobozi b'imijyi.
Dukurikije uko abatuye imijyi, ikibazo kiriho hamwe ningendo za bisi nigihe cyingero ndende. Impamvu ziki kibazo zirimo ibihe birebire byo gutegereza bisi na bisi biba muri gahunda. Mubisanzwe, kugirango bigerweho imikorere ya bisi, bisi zikunze kugabanuka mumibare kandi zifite intera ndende hagati yo kugenda, bigatuma ibihe byo gutegereza, baganisha ku baturage. Mubyongeyeho, kugirango bisi zigenda zigenda, bisi zirashobora gufata nabi, kongera inoti munzira, bikaviramo intera ndende yingendo kubaturage no guteza ubwinshi mumihanda. Byongeye kandi, hari n'ikibazo cyo kubura ihumure mu rugendo rwa bisi, nka bisi yuzuye abantu muri hotspots no ku nzira zimwe.
Duhereye ku bigo bikora bisi, hari ibibazo byinshi birimo ingendo za bisi: Ubwa mbere, amakimbirane hagati y'abagenzi n'abashoferi, impanuka za bisi, imirimo mibi ya bisi iterwa n'impamvu zitandukanye. Icya kabiri, gushaka ibinyabiziga bisi biragoye kandi bihenze. Bisi yo gutwara isaba abashoferi hamwe na A3 - Impushya zo murwego. Kandi ibiciro byimirimo yo murwego rwohejuru byabashoferi, hamwe namasaha maremare yakazi, akenshi biganisha ku munaniro kandi bitera ingaruka nziza z'umutekano. Icya gatatu, ingendo za bisi zirasa n'amarushanwa yo gutwara abantu nka gari ya moshi, amagare, amagare, kandi cyane cyane ingaruka zo gutwara - Ugereranije ningendo za bisi, gutwara - Serivise zitanga ubuziranenge bwo hejuru, inzira zitoroshye, kandi zikoreshwa cyane.
Ukurikije abayobozi b'imijyi, hari ibibazo bikurikira hamwe na bisi iriho: Ubwa mbere, mu mujyi wa siyansi ukenera inzira ya bisi, inzira za bisi zikoreshwa, no gushyira mu bikorwa umujyi - Guhuza Umujyi. Icya kabiri, ku gihe no kurekurwa ku gihe kandi neza amakuru yingendo yo gutwara abantu ntahagije, hamwe na sisitemu ya bisi yumujyi idashobora gutangiza amakuru yingendo. Icya gatatu, gusuzuma urwego rwa bisi ntabwo ari intego. Mubihe byinshi, kuzamura urwego rwa bisi bishingiye ku kongera ishoramari mubikorwa remezo bya bisi, mugihe bitita kubintu bifatika nkibihinduka byubwenge.
Inzira eshatu ziterambere ryimyitwarire ya bisi zubwenge
Mu kubaka bisi zubwenge zihujwe, birashobora gufasha kugera kuri bisi yubwenge. Duhereye ku baturage bo mu mijyi, ni ngombwa kwiteza imbere "bisi nziza". Duhereye ku bigo bikora bisi, iterambere rya "bisi zizewe" ni ngombwa. Kandi ukurikije abayobozi b'imijyi, iterambere rya "bisi ya siyansi" ni ifitiye akamaro umujyi.
1. Bus bus
"Bisi isobanutse" ifite inzego zitandukanye zibisabwa. Ubwa mbere, birakenewe ku gihe, ni ukuvuga, abaturage biteze ko bisi zigenda zikagera ku gihe cyagenwe ku gihe, bityo abaturage rero barashobora gutegura igihe cyabo cyo kugenda. Icya kabiri, "bisi yihariye" irashobora gutangwa, aho abaturage bashobora gutanga ibyo bakeneye ku miyoboro yitanze, hamwe na bisi zishobora gutegura inzira za bisi zikeneye abaturage n'abagenzi.
Hanyuma, "Bisi yo gusubiza SMART" ishobora gutangwa, aho abaturage bashobora guhitamo kubanziriza - Igitabo Binyuze kuri terefone zigendanwa kandi bigatera serivisi zubwenge zitanga ibitekerezo, zitanga serivisi zifatika kandi nziza.
Kurwego butandukanye rwa "Bus Bus Bus", Ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge rishobora gutanga ibintu bikize. Kurugero, bisi yibanze, icyatsi kibisi cyiza, urubuga rwubwenge (BRT Platforms Ibisobanuro byamakuru, L4 - urwego rwa micro -
Bus Ibyingenzi birashobora kugera kubyo ushyira imbere unyuze mumwanya nigihe, aho bisi zifite umwanya wambere wo kubona umwanya wibanze hamwe no kwinjira mumwanya. Ukurikije ubwenge bwahujwe C - V2X Imodoka - Ikoranabuhanga mpuzabikorwa yumuhanda, Hasi - Igiciro na Hejuru - Umwanya Ukora Byukuri - Igihe Cyiza Bus gishobora kugerwaho.
Kwishingikiriza kuri C - V2X ndende - Intera na Hasi - Ubushobozi buke, ibihe byo kuhagera birashobora guhabwa ibihembo byo kumenya ingamba zambere. Kwishingikiriza kuri C - V2X Hejuru - Precision (santimetero - Urwego) Ubushobozi bwuzuye, kwihuta, no kwihuta, no kwihuta birashobora kugerwaho, kwemeza igihe cyiza. Kubara cyane guhagarika igihe mubyerekezo bitandukanye bishingiye kumiterere yumuhanda, kubungabunga bisi zinyuranye no kubungabunga ibyiciro, bigatuma amatara yicyatsi, agabanya amatara yicyatsi, no gusimbuka icyiciro gikurikiranye. Urebye byinshi - icyerekezo cyambere cyamakimbirane gisaba, kandi ushyire imbere bisi nyinshi zishingiye kumyanya, umuvuduko, icyerekezo, imitwaro itwara abagenzi, imigambi yo gutwara, hamwe nubushake bwo gutwara ibinyabiziga.
Icyatsi kibisi cyoroheje cyihuta gitanga inama zihuta zijyanye nuko bisi zishingiye kuri C - R2x Ibinyabiziga byatanzwe na C. R2x Ibinyabiziga byatanzwe na C.
Ihuriro ryubwenge hamwe na bisi yubwenge sisitemu igera kuri data. N'ibimenyetso bya elegitoroniki birashobora kwerekana amakuru nyayo - Igihe cya bisi, kwerekana neza bisi no kugenda no kugenda inshuro, imitwaro itwara, hamwe nandi makuru.
Micro - Kuzenguruka Automatic Bus bus bishyira mubikorwa neza - Urugendo rwa Route hamwe nimpumuro ifite kuva kuri 20hm / h kugeza 50km / h, hamwe na L4 - Urwego rwo gutwara automomous. Gusaba C - V2X Imodoka - Ikoranabuhanga rishinzwe guhuza umuhanda rizakora bisi ya shitingi yikora kandi ifite umutekano.
2.Sake Bus
"Bisi itekanye" zirimo ibisabwa bitandukanye. Kuri bisi ubwabo: Umutekano wimodoka nicyo cyibanze cyo kwemeza imikorere ya bisi itekanye, harimo ibintu bitandukanye byimodoka ubwayo, kimwe no gukurikirana neza imbere, inyuma, imiryango, hamwe nicyicaro. Ku bashoferi n'abagenzi: Abashoferi Notari - Ibikorwa bisanzwe n'imyitwarire, kimwe no kwitwara ibinyabiziga bitwara, nimpamvu zingenzi zimpanuka za bisi. Byongeye kandi, imyitwarire iteje akaga yabagenzi, nko gufata uruziga ruyobowe na bisi, narwo rushobora no guhungabanya umutekano wa bisi. Kubidukikije byimodoka hamwe nibindi bitabiriye traffic: ibidukikije bikabije kandi bibi, ndetse nimpanuka zo mu muhanda zatewe nabandi bitabiriye traffic, birashobora kandi guhungabanya umutekano wa bisi.
Serivisi za "Bus zishinzwe umutekano zigenewe ibintu bitandukanye, Ikoranabuhanga ryubwenge rishobora gutanga ibintu bikize, kurugero, gukurikirana ibyumvikana byo gutwara, gutahura buri munyamategeko, hashyizweho ibinyabiziga bya L3 - Urwego Bunnomomofous Bis, nibindi
Real - umwanya wo gushiraho amakuru yimiterere ya bisi ahuza na terminals (Obus) hamwe na bisi zirashobora kwisuzumisha ibinyabiziga, kugenzura ibinyabiziga bya kure, raporo yamakuru, nibindi
Gukurikirana ubwenge byo gutwara ibinyabiziga birashobora kumenyesha bidatinze imyitwarire itandukanye n'imyitwarire iteje akaga nko gutwara, kurangara gutwara, kunywa itabi, no gusubiza cyangwa gusubiza.
Kumenya abanyamaguru batishoboye kandi ntabwo ari ibinyabiziga bifite moteri no gukumira moteri hamwe no gukumira imihanda bishobora gukusanya amakuru yumuhanda ku masangano akoresheje ibikoresho byumuhanda, bitanga raporo yumuhanda. Iyo abanyamaguru n'ibintu bitari - Ibinyabiziga bifite moteri binjiramo inzira yimodoka, biramenyesha mugihe bisi. Ibikoresho byo kumuhanda bibarwa kandi birashobora gufata ibyemezo byubufatanye, gutangaza ibyifuzo byo gutwara ibinyabiziga kuri bisi, bigabanya amahirwe yo guhanuka kwabari.
Ikiraro na Tunnel Umwuzure umwuzure ugaragaza imiterere yikiraro na tuneli binyuze mubikoresho byubwenge bwamazi, kandi byohereza umuburo ubanza muri bisi zinjira kumuhanda unyuze kuri C - V2X RSUS.
Guhinduka l3 - Urwego Bus Busnomomomomofous Bustes yemerera sisitemu kurangiza ibikorwa byinshi byo gutwara, gusa kuburira umushoferi mugihe ibintu byihutirwa bibaye kandi imodoka ntishobora kubyitwaramo, kandi ishaka umushoferi gufata imodoka. L3 - Urwego Bustomomomofous Bustomomofous irashobora kugabanya kunanirwa numunaniro, kubohora abashoferi imirimo yo gusubiramo kandi ikabemerera kwibanda kuri serivisi abagenzi. Barashobora kandi gucuranga inzira zibice byihariye byo mumuhanda, nkibiraro na tunnel, mubihe bibi. Sisitemu ishushanya inzira ndende yibanze, kubuza abashoferi hamwe nabagenzi kwishora mu myitwarire yangiza muri sosiyete. Barashobora kandi kugera kuri parikingi ya bisi, hamwe no gutandukana bitarenze 15cm hagati yintambwe yambere na platifomu, hamwe no gutandukana bitarenze 20cm muguhuza.
Ibisigisigi hamwe
"Busi ya siyansi" irimo ibisabwa mu bipimo bitandukanye. Mu igenamigambi no gufata icyemezo - Gukora ibipimo, igishushanyo mbonera cya sinema, inzira za bisi yihuta, nibindi birakenewe. Guhuza kama hamwe na gari ya moshi yimijyi, iheruka - ingendo ya kilometero, nibindi birakenewe. Kwishyira hamwe na sisitemu yo gutwara ubwenge birakenewe kugirango ugenzure neza umuhanda. Mu makuru arekura amakuru, amakuru ahuriweho cyane kugirango atange serivisi zamakuru ya bisi nimpanuka yumuhanda ibyago bibangamira abaturage binyuze mumanota atandukanye.
Kubipimo bitandukanye bya "Sisitemu ya Siyansi ya bisi, Ikoranabuhanga Cyubwenge rishobora gutanga ibintu bikize, kurugero, kwerekana isesengura rya leta Urban mugenzi wawe od, ahantu hazwi cyane, nibindi .; Micro - Urwego: Real - Igihe cyo Gutahura Gutahura, Kujya mubyerekeranye, Ifoto Yimbaga, nibindi
Gusobanura imiyoboro ya bisi isesengura itangwa rya bisi ahantu hazwi kandi igaragaza ahantu hamwe no gupima gake ariko bisaba ingendo ndende. Serivisi zurugendo zitanga igenamigambi ryurugendo rushingiye kubikenewe byingendo, guhuza uburyo bworoshye bwo gutwara, hamwe nubushakashatsi bwuzuye bwo kugera, hamwe ninama zubwenge zishingiye kubikorwa byingendo.
4.Abahirerezi
Hamwe no gushyigikira ikoranabuhanga rya bisi ryahujwe nubuhanga buhujwe, igihe cyo gukora "bisi isobanutse" irashobora kugabanuka kuri 15% kugeza kuri 25%, kandi umuvuduko urashobora kwiyongera kuri 10% kugeza kuri 20% kugeza 20%. Igipimo cyubahiriza igihe gishobora kwiyongera kuri 40% kugeza kuri 50%, kandi impuzandengo yingendo zirashobora kwiyongera kuri 25% kugeza 30%. "Bus zishinzwe umutekano" zitanga imicungire y'umutekano muri bisi, abashoferi, abagenzi, ndetse n'ibikorwa by'umuhanda, bigabanya ibiciro by'impanuka kuri 70% kugeza 80%. "Bus zisi" zirashobora kunoza neza imikorere ya bisi, hamwe nigipimo cyo kurangiza kugeza kuri 98%.