Izinselelo ezibhekene nokuthuthukiswa kwamabhasi ahlakaniphile zithathwa njengezithathwa ngemibono emithathu: umbono wabahlali basemadolobheni, umbono wamabhizinisi asebenza ngebhasi, kanye nombono wabaphathi bamadolobha.
Ngokombono wabahlali basemadolobheni, inkinga yamanje nge-Bus Travel isikhathi eside sokuhamba. Izizathu zale nkinga zifaka izikhathi ezinde zokulinda amabhasi namabhasi avame ukususelwa kuHlelo. Ngokuvamile, ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kwemisebenzi yebhasi, amabhasi avame ukwehliswa ngenani futhi anezikhathi ezinde phakathi kokuhamba, okuholela ezikhathini ezandayo zokulinda izakhamizi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwandisa ukuhamba kwabagibeli, amabhasi angahle athathe izinkuni, andise okungekho emlandweni wendlela, okubangelwa amabanga amade okuhamba abahlali futhi abangele ukugcwala emigwaqweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunenkinga futhi ngokuntuleka kwenduduzo ekuhambeni kwebhasi, njengamabhasi agcwele kakhulu ezindaweni ezishisayo nasemizileni ethile.
Ngokombono wamabhizinisi asebenza ngebhasi, kunezingqinamba eziningana nge-Travel yamanje yebhasi: Okokuqala, izingxabano phakathi kwabagibeli kanye nabashayeli, izingozi zebhasi nezinye izingozi zibangelwa yizizathu ezahlukahlukene. Okwesibili, ukuqashwa kwebhasi kumshayeli kunzima futhi kuyabiza. Amabhasi okushayela adinga abashayeli nge-A3 - Amalayisense Wezinga. Futhi izindleko eziphezulu zabashayeli bezishayeli, ezihambisana namahora okusebenza amade, zivame ukuholela ekukhathaleni umshayeli futhi zibeke izingozi ezibalulekile zokuphepha. Okwesithathu, ukuncintisana kwebhasi kubhekene nomncintiswano ovela kwezinye izindlela zokuhamba ezinjengezitimela zokuhamba, amabhayisekili kagesi, amabhayisekili, ikakhulukazi umthelela wokugibela - Uma kuqhathaniswa nokuhamba ngebhasi, ukugibela - Izinsizakalo Zokudumisa zinikeza ikhwalithi yesevisi ephezulu, izindlela eziguquguqukayo, kanye nokutholakala okukhulu.
Ngokombono wabaphathi bamadolobha, kunezinkinga ezilandelayo ngokuhamba ngebhasi yamanje: Okokuqala, amadolobha - Izinga lokuhamba zomphakathi lidinga ukuba sesayensi, imizila yezesayensi yemizila yebhasi, izindlela zokuhamba ngebhasi ezisheshayo. Okwesibili, ukukhishwa okufika ngesikhathi futhi okunembile kwemininingwane yokuhamba yomphakathi akwanele, enezindlela eziningi zamabhasi edolobha azikwazi ukwenza kahle imininingwane yokuhamba. Okwesithathu, ukuhlolwa kwamazinga enkonzo yebhasi akuyona inhloso. Ezimweni eziningi, ukuthuthukisa amazinga wenkonzo yebhasi kuthembela ekutshaleni imali engqalasizinda yebhasi, ngenkathi kunganaki ezinye izindlela ezisebenzayo njengokuguqulwa okusebenzayo.
Lezi zindlela ezintathu ezinkulu zokuthuthuka kwamabhasi axhumekile axhumekile
Ngokwakha amabhasi axhumekile axhunyiwe, kungasiza ukufeza ibhasi elihlakaniphile. Ngokombono wabahlali basemadolobheni, kuyadingeka ukuthuthukisa "amabhasi aqondile". Ngokombono wamabhizinisi asebenza ngebhasi, ukuthuthukiswa "kwamabhasi aphephile" kubalulekile. Futhi ngokombono wabaphathi basemadolobheni, ukuthuthukiswa kwama- "Science Customs" kuyazuzisa idolobha.
1.Precise Bus
"Amabhasi aqondile" anamazinga ahlukene ezidingo. Okokuqala, kuyadingeka ukuba nesikhathi, okungukuthi, izakhamizi zilindele amabhasi ukuba ahambe afike ngamaphoyinti ahleliwe ngesikhathi, ngakho-ke abahlali bangahlelela isikhathi sabo sokuhamba ngendlela efanele. Okwesibili, "Amabhasi akwenziwe ngokwezifiso" anganikezwa, lapho izakhamizi zingathumela khona izidingo zazo zokuhamba ngeziteshi ezizinikezele, nezinkampani zamabhasi zingakha izindlela zebhasi ngokususelwa kwizidingo zabahlali kanye nezimo zokugeleza kwabagibeli.
Ekugcineni, "amabhasi okuphendula ahlakaniphile" anganikezwa, lapho izakhamizi zingakhetha khona ukuhlela kuqala - Book ngama-mobile phone futhi ngokuguquguqukayo khiqiza izinsizakalo zokuvakasha ezihle kakhulu futhi ezintofontofo.
Ngamazinga ahlukene wezinsizakalo "eziqondile zebhasi", ubuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe obuxhunyiwe obucacile bunganikeza izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezicebile. Isibonelo, ukubekwa phambili kwebhasi, amapulatifomu aphezulu akhanyayo aphezulu, amapulatifomu ahlakaniphile (amapulatifomu e-BRT), izinsizakalo zolwazi lweselula, i-L4 - izinga le-micro -
Ukubaluleka kwebhasi kungafinyelela ukubekwa phambili kwezinsiza nge-SPACE kanye nesikhathi, lapho amabhasi anokufinyelela kuqala endaweni yomgwaqo nokufinyelela kuqala esikhathini somgwaqo. Kususelwa ku-Intelligent exhunyiwe C - Imoto ye-V2X - Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumanisa imigwaqo, okuphansi - Izindleko kanye nokuphakama - Ukubaluleka kwebhasi okusebenzayo kungatholakala.
Ukuthembela ku-C - V2X ubude - Ibanga kanye ne-Low - Amandla we-Latency, izikhathi zokufika kwebhasi zingabikezelwa ukuthola amasu wokugcina wesikhathi. Ukuthembela ku-C - I-V2X High - Ukucacisa (isentimitha (i-Level) ukuma kwamandla, umbono oqondile wesikhundla sebhasi, isivinini, ukusheshisa kungatholakala, ukuqinisekiswa kwesikhathi esinembile. Dynamically calculating compresses time in various directions based on road congestion conditions, ensuring buses pass directly through by maintaining phases, extending green lights, cutting red lights, inserting phases, and jumping phase sequences. Ukucabanga ngezicelo ezibaluleke kakhulu eziphakemeyo - Ukubheka phambili kwezingxabano eziphakemeyo, futhi ukubeka phambili amabhasi amaningi kususelwa ezikhundleni, isivinini, izinkomba, imithwalo yabagibeli, amazinga okugcina ngesikhathi sokushayela, kanye nezinhloso zokushayela umshayeli emihlanganweni.
I-Green Light Opting Advisory Advisory ihlinzeka abashayeli ngeRech Speed Delued Range njengezimpawu zokukhuluma ezisuselwa kudatha yomgwaqo - Idatha yesiginali yesikhathi esisekelwe ku-C - Idatha yesiginali yesikhathi esisekelwe ku-Cars
Ipulatifomu ehlakaniphile kanye nohlelo lwenethiwekhi elihlakaniphile lwebhasi lifinyelela ukuxhumeka kwedatha. Futhi izimpawu ze-elekthronikhi zingabonisa okungokoqobo - imininingwane yesikhathi mayelana namabhasi, okubonisa ngokunembile izikhundla zebhasi nezikhundla zokuhamba, izikhathi zokufika kanye nokuhamba, imithwalo yokushayela, ijubane lokushayela, kanye neminye imininingwane.
Ama-Micro - Ukusakazwa kwamabhasi azenzakalelayo asheshayo aqala ukusebenza - Ukuvalwa komzila ngejubane kusuka ku-20km / h kuya ku-50km / h, nge-L4 - nge-LEL LEUTOROUNTION ukushayela. Ukusetshenziswa c - Imoto ye-V2X - Ubuchwepheshe bokuxhumana ngomgwaqo buzokwenza amabhasi azenzakalelayo ashelelayo aqonde futhi aphephile.
Ibhasi le-2.Safe
"Amabhasi aphephile" ahilela izidingo ezahlukahlukene. Kumabhasi uqobo: Ukuphepha Kwezimoto kuyisisekelo esiyisisekelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwebhasi okuphephile, okubandakanya izimo ezahlukahlukene zemoto uqobo, kanye nokuqapha okuphelele kwangaphambili, emuva, isihlalo somshayeli, iminyango kanye nezicabha, neminyango yomshayeli, neminyango yomshayeli, kanye nezindawo. Kubashayeli kanye nabagibeli: Ukungasebenzi okujwayelekile komshayeli - Ukuziphatha okujwayelekile kanye nokuziphatha, kanye nokuziphatha okuhle - ukushayela isikhathi eside - ukushayela ngokukhathala, kuyizizathu ezibalulekile zezingozi zebhasi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimilo eziyingozi zabagibeli, njengokubamba isondo lokuqondisa ibhasi, kungafaka futhi ukuphepha kwebhasi. Ezindaweni zomgwaqo kanye nabanye abahlanganyeli bethrafikhi: izindawo ezingezinhle nezingezinhle zomgwaqo, kanye nezingozi zomgwaqo ezibangelwa abanye abahlanganyeli bemoto, nazo zingabeka engcupheni yebhasi engcupheni.
Ngezinsizakalo "zebhasi eliphephile" ezihlosiwe ezintweni ezihlukile, ubuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe obuxhunyiwe bunganikezela ngezimo ezicebile zohlelo lokusebenza, ukubonwa kwezimoto ezihamba phambili, ukuguqulwa kwe-L3 - Izikhukhula zokushayela ezizimele, njll.
Okungokoqobo - Isikhathi sokulayisha idatha yesimo sebhasi sihlanganisa ama-Oneboard Terminals (OBUS) ngamabhasi angakwazi, ukusekela ukuxilongwa kwemoto, Ukulawulwa Kwemoto Ekude, Ukubikwa Kwedatha Yemoto, njll.
Ukuqapha okukhaliphile kokushayela komshayeli kungazisa ngokushesha ukuziphatha okuhlukahlukene okungekho emthethweni kanye nokuziphatha okuyingozi njengokushayela ukukhathala, ukushayela okuphazamisekile, ukubhema, nokwenza izingcingo.
Ukutholwa kwabahamba ngezinyawo abahamba ngezinyawo nabangezona - izimoto ezinezimoto kanye nokuvimbela ukushayisana ezindaweni zokuhlangana kungaqoqa imininingwane yethrafikhi ezindaweni eziphathelene nemigwaqo, ukukhiqiza imibiko yesimo sethrafikhi. Lapho abahamba ngezinyawo nabangewona - izimoto ezinezimoto zifaka imizila yezimoto, izexwayiso ezifika ngesikhathi zinikezwa amabhasi. Amadivaysi e-computer aseceleni komgwaqo angenza nezinqumo zokubambisana, ukusakaza iziphakamiso zokushayela kumabhasi, kunciphisa amathuba ezingozi zethrafikhi.
Ibhuloho kanye nokuqapha izikhukhula okukhukhula kuthola isimo samabhuloho nemigudu ngokusebenzisa eceleni komgwaqo, futhi kuthumela izexwayiso kusengaphambili kumabhasi angena endleleni nge-C - V2X RSUS.
Ukuguqulwa kwe-L3 - Izinga lamabhasi okuzilolonga lokushayela livumela uhlelo ukuthi luqede imisebenzi yokushayela, kuxwayisa kuphela umshayeli lapho kwenzeka khona izimo eziphuthumayo kanti imoto iyakwazi ukubhekana nazo, futhi ishukumise umshayeli ukuthi athathe imoto. I-L3 - Izinga lokushayela ama-AutonouShouty Driving linganciphisa ngempumelelo ukukhathala komshayeli, ligibele abashayeli kusuka kwabasebenzi abaphindaphindayo futhi libavumele bagxile kakhulu kwinkonzo yabagibeli. Bangakwazi futhi ukusetha ama-trajectories ezingxenyeni zomgwaqo ezikhethekile, njengamabhuloho nemigudu, ezimweni eziyingozi. Isistimu isekela indlela ephezulu kakhulu, ukuvimbela abashayeli kanye nabagibeli ukuthi bangene ekuziphatheni okuyingozi emphakathini. Futhi bangathola ukupaka amabhasi aqondile, ngokuphambuka kungabi ngaphezu kwe-15cm phakathi kwesinyathelo sokuqala kanye nesikhulumi sesiteshi, nokuphambuka kungabikho phakathi kwama-20cm.
Ibhasi le-3.Sientific
"Amabhasi eSayensi" afaka izidingo ngobukhulu obuhlukile. Ekuhleleni nasesinqumeni - ukwenza ubukhulu, ukwakhiwa kwesayensi kwamanethiwekhi amabhasi, izindlela ezisheshayo zebhasi, njll. Ziyadingeka. Ukuxhumana kwe-Organ Nearban Rail Transit, okokugcina - ukuhamba kwamamayela, njll. Kuyadingeka. Ukuhlanganiswa nezinhlelo ezihlakaniphile zokuhamba kuyadingeka ukwenza ukulawulwa kwethrafikhi okusebenzayo. Ngokwesilinganiso sokukhishwa kolwazi, idatha ehlanganiswe kakhulu iyadingeka ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zolwazi lwebhasi kanye nezixwayiso zobungozi bezingozi zethrafikhi kubahlali ngamaphuzu wokuthinta ahlukahlukene.
Ngobukhulu obuhlukahlukene bezinsizakalo ze- "Science Bus", ubuchwepheshe obuxhunyiwe obuxhunyiwe bunganikeza izimo zohlelo lokusebenza ezicebile, ukuhlinzeka ngezindlela zokuhamba ze-Intanethi, ukusekelwa kwedatha yezemininingwane, ukuhanjiswa kwesifundazwe / ukugeleza kwezifundazwe I-OD, izindawo ezithandwayo zokuhamba, njll; I-Micro - Izinga: Ukutholwa kwangempela - Isikhathi sokugeleza komgibeli, amaphethini wokuhamba, imidwebo yezixuku, njll.
Ukusebenziseka kahle kwamanethiwekhi amabhasi kuhlaziya ukulethwa kwamabhasi ezindaweni ezidumile futhi kukhomba izindawo ezinendawo ephansi kodwa okufunwa okuphezulu. Izinsizakalo Zokuhamba Ezihlanganisiwe zinikezela ukuhlela ukuvakasha okuhlanganisiwe okususelwa ezidingweni zokuhamba, ukuxhumana okubushelelezi kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuhamba, ukufinyelela imininingwane ebanzi yokuhamba, nokuncoma okuqondayo kwemizila esuselwa ekuthandeni komuntu.
Ama-4.Achievements
Ngokwesekwa kobuchwepheshe bebhasi obuxhumekile obuxhunyiwe, isikhathi sokusebenza "samabhasi aqondile" singancishiswa ngo-15% kuya ku-25%, futhi ijubane lingakhuphulwa ngo-10% kuya ku-20%. Izinga lokugcina isikhathi lingandiswa ngo-40% libe ngama-50%, futhi inani lezinsuku zokuhamba lingandiswa ngo-25% kuya ku-30%. "Amabhasi aphephile" ahlinzeka ngokuphathwa kwezokuphepha kumabhasi, abashayeli, abagibeli kanye nemisebenzi yethrafikhi, ukunciphisa amanani engozi ngo-70% kuya ku-80%. "Amabhasi esayensi" angathuthukisa ngempumelelo ukuhlinzekwa ngebhasi, ngesilinganiso sokuqedwa kokusebenza okufika ku-98%.